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The signs and symptoms of paracetamol toxicity occur in three phases. The first phase begins within hours of overdose, and consists of nausea, vomiting, a pale appearance, and sweating. [10] However, patients often have no specific symptoms or only mild symptoms in the first 24 hours of poisoning.
4-Aminophenol is a building block used in organic chemistry. Prominently, it is the final intermediate in the industrial synthesis of paracetamol. Treating 4-aminophenol with acetic anhydride gives paracetamol: [8] [9] [10] It is a precursor to amodiaquine, mesalazine, AM404, parapropamol, B-86810 & B-87836 (c.f. WO 2001042204 ).
4-Aminophenol may be obtained by the amide hydrolysis of paracetamol. This reaction is also used to determine paracetamol in urine samples: After hydrolysis with hydrochloric acid, 4-aminophenol reacts in ammonia solution with a phenol derivate, e.g. salicylic acid, to form an indophenol dye under oxidization by air. [139]
NAPQI becomes toxic when GSH is depleted by an overdose of acetaminophen, Glutathione is an essential antidote to overdose. Glutathione conjugates to NAPQI and helps to detoxify it. In this capacity, it protects cellular protein thiol groups, which would otherwise become covalently modified; when all GSH has been spent, NAPQI begins to react ...
The three aminophenol isomers: Left: 2-Aminophenol (o-aminophenol) Center: 3-Aminophenol (m-aminophenol) Right: 4-Aminophenol (p-aminophenol) Aminophenol may refer to any of three isomeric chemical compounds: 2-Aminophenol; 3-Aminophenol; 4-Aminophenol; They are simultaneously an aniline and a phenol
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AM404, also known as N-arachidonoylphenolamine, [1] [2] is an active metabolite of paracetamol (acetaminophen), responsible for all or part of its analgesic action [3] and anticonvulsant effects. [4] Chemically, it is the amide formed from 4-aminophenol and arachidonic acid. AM404 is one of the AM cannabinoids discovered by Alexandros ...
Alkylphenols are xenoestrogens. [3] Long chain Alkylphenols have the most potent estrogenic activity. [3] The European Union has implemented sales and use restrictions on certain applications in which nonylphenols are used because of their alleged "toxicity, persistence, and the liability to bioaccumulate" but the United States EPA has taken a slower approach to make sure that action is based ...