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The word endemic is from Neo-Latin endēmicus, from Greek ἔνδημος, éndēmos, "native". Endēmos is formed of en meaning "in", and dēmos meaning "the people". [5] The word entered the English language as a loan word from French endémique, and originally seems to have been used in the sense of diseases that occur at a constant amount in a country, as opposed to epidemic diseases ...
Neoendemism is one of two sub-categories of endemism, the ecological state of a species being unique to a defined geographic location. Specifically, neoendemic species are those that have recently arisen, through divergence and reproductive isolation or through hybridization and polyploidy in plants.
A megadiverse country is one of a group of nations that harbours the majority of Earth's species and high numbers of endemic species. Conservation International identified 17 megadiverse countries in 1998, [1] [2] all of which are located at least partially in tropical or subtropical regions. Megadiversity means exhibiting great biodiversity.
The fynbos of the Cape region of South Africa contains many endemic species of flowering plant. This list is for ecoregions with high endemism. According to the World Wide Fund for Nature, the following ecoregions have the highest percentage of endemic plants.
Islands as harbors for endemic species are explained by the theory of island biogeography. [6] However, in order to be considered a paleoendemic on an island, the species must have had a widespread distribution previously, [ 1 ] thus eliminating newly formed islands as potential refuges of paleo-endemics.
Some synonyms are listed next to the accepted name if they are still in common use in recent botanical literature. Subspecies are abbreviated "subs.," varieties "var.," and forms "f." after the species name. The following list of Marianas endemic plants was compiled based on a list generated by Plants of the World Online in May 2023.
Some of the endemic species are of hybrid origin. [8] Beach naupaka (Scaevola taccada synonym S. sericea) occurs throughout the Pacific and Indian Oceans and is considered an invasive species in Florida, USA, and in some islands of the Caribbean including the Cayman Islands [9] and the Bahamas.
A restricted-range bird species is a term coined by BirdLife International in conjunction with the identification of Endemic Bird Areas. It is defined as a landbird (i.e. not a seabird) species which is estimated to have had a breeding range of not more than 50,000 km 2 since 1800.