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[c] [11] Some of the most massive stars lie within this spectral class. O-type stars frequently have complicated surroundings that make measurement of their spectra difficult. O-type spectra formerly were defined by the ratio of the strength of the He II λ4541 relative to that of He I λ4471, where λ is the radiation wavelength. Spectral type ...
Below there are lists the nearest stars separated by spectral type. The scope of the list is still restricted to the main sequence spectral types: M, K, F, G, A, B and O. It may be later expanded to other types, such as S, D or C. The Alpha Centauri star system is the closest star system to the Sun.
Beta Cassiopeiae (β Cassiopeiae, abbreviated Beta Cas or β Cas), officially named Caph / ˈ k æ f /, [12] [13] is a Delta Scuti variable star in the constellation of Cassiopeia. It is a giant star belonging to the spectral class F2. The white star of second magnitude (+2.28 mag, variable) has an absolute magnitude of +1.3 mag.
The MK spectral types of the two stars have been measured a number of times, and they are both consistently assigned a luminosity class of III indicating a giant star. [69] The composite spectrum appears to be dominated by the primary star due to its sharper absorption lines ; the lines from the secondary are broadened and blurred by its rapid ...
Canopus was little-studied by western scientists before the 20th century. It was given a spectral class of F in 1897, an early use of this extension to Secchi class I, applied to those stars where the hydrogen lines are relatively weak and the calcium K line relatively strong. [40]
Alpha Sextantis is the brightest star in the constellation and the only star above the fifth magnitude with an apparent magnitude of 4.49. It is an ageing A-type star of spectral class A0 III [7] located 280 ± 20 light-years away [8] from the Solar System. At the age of 385 million years, [9] it is exhausting hydrogen at its core and leaving ...
Comparison of main sequence stars of each spectral class. By treating the star as an idealized energy radiator known as a black body, the luminosity L and radius R can be related to the effective temperature T eff by the Stefan–Boltzmann law: = where σ is the Stefan–Boltzmann constant. As the position of a star on the HR diagram shows its ...
A subdwarf, sometimes denoted by "sd", is a star with luminosity class VI under the Yerkes spectral classification system. They are defined as stars with luminosity 1.5 to 2 magnitudes lower than that of main-sequence stars of the same spectral type. On a Hertzsprung–Russell diagram subdwarfs appear to lie below the main sequence. [a]