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Patterns are typically rectangular in basic shape, and include the runway along one long side of the rectangle. Each leg of the pattern has a particular name: [3] Upwind leg. A flight path parallel to and in the direction of the landing runway. It is offset from the runway and opposite the downwind leg. Crosswind leg. A short climbing flight ...
Upwind_downwind_example.png (500 × 300 pixels, file size: 33 KB, MIME type: image/png) This is a file from the Wikimedia Commons . Information from its description page there is shown below.
Windward is upwind from the point of reference, i.e., towards the direction from which the wind is coming; leeward is downwind from the point of reference, i.e., along the direction towards which the wind is going. The side of a ship that is towards the leeward is its "lee side".
On very slippery runways, landing the airplane using crab only reduces drift towards the downwind side of a touchdown, and may reduce pilot workload since the airplane does not have to be de-crabbed before touchdown. However, proper rudder and upwind aileron must be applied after touchdown to ensure directional control is maintained.
Similarly, if is negative the traveling wave solution propagates towards the left, the left side is called downwind side and right side is the upwind side. If the finite difference scheme for the spatial derivative, ∂ u / ∂ x {\displaystyle \partial u/\partial x} contains more points in the upwind side, the scheme is called an upwind-biased ...
With other traffic present in the circuit, the aircraft might be positioned downwind in the circuit behind or between other traffic in order to land in turn. Alternatives to the overhead join are to directly join the circuit by entering at a suitable corner, or a straight-in approach.
Velocity made good, or VMG, is a term used in sailing, especially in yacht racing, indicating the speed of a sailboat towards (or from) the direction of the wind. [1] [2] The concept is useful because a sailboat cannot sail directly upwind, and thus often can not, or should not, sail directly to a mark to reach it as quickly as possible.
In addition to the sails used upwind, spinnakers provide area and curvature appropriate for sailing with separated flow on downwind points of sail. [ 35 ] Polar diagrams, showing lift ( L ), drag ( D ), total aerodynamic force ( F T ), forward driving force ( F R ), and lateral force ( F LAT ) for downwind points of sail