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The secretion is a complex and relatively energetically expensive process. Parietal cells contain an extensive secretory network (called canaliculi) from which the hydrochloric acid is secreted into the lumen of the stomach. The pH of gastric acid is 1.5 to 3.5 in the human stomach lumen, a level maintained by the proton pump H + /K + ATPase. [1]
They contain an extensive secretory network of canaliculi from which the HCl is secreted by active transport into the stomach. The enzyme hydrogen potassium ATPase (H + /K + ATPase) is unique to the parietal cells and transports the H + against a concentration gradient of about 3 million to 1, [ citation needed ] which is the steepest ...
It consists mainly of hydrochloric acid and acidifies the stomach content to a pH of 1 to 2. [36] [37] Chloride (Cl −) and hydrogen (H +) ions are secreted separately in the stomach fundus region at the top of the stomach by parietal cells of the gastric mucosa into a secretory network called canaliculi before it enters the stomach lumen. [38]
Histamine promotes the production and release of HCL from the parietal cells to the blood and protons to the stomach lumen. When the stomach pH decreases (becomes more acidic), the ECLs stop releasing histamine. G cells – They secrete gastrin hormone. Gastrin stimulates the gastric glands to release gastric acid.
Hyperchlorhydria, sometimes called chlorhydria, sour stomach or acid stomach, [1] [2] refers to the state in the stomach where gastric acid levels are higher than the reference range. The combining forms of the name ( chlor- + hydr- ), referring to chlorine and hydrogen , are the same as those in the name of hydrochloric acid , which is the ...
A lack of hydrochloric acid produced by the stomach is one of the most common age-related causes of a harmed digestive system. [6] Among men and women, 27% experience a varying degree of achlorhydria. US researchers found that over 30% of women and men over the age of 60 have little to no acid secretion in the stomach.
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Alkaline tide (mal del puerco) refers to a condition, normally encountered after eating a meal, where during the production of hydrochloric acid by the parietal cells in the stomach, the parietal cells secrete bicarbonate ions across their basolateral membranes and into the blood, causing a temporary increase in blood pH.