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In freshwater or estuarine systems close to land, nitrate can reach concentrations that are lethal to fish. While nitrate is much less toxic than ammonia, [20] levels over 30 ppm of nitrate can inhibit growth, impair the immune system and cause stress in some aquatic species. [21] Nitrate toxicity remains a subject of debate. [22]
For his 1934 paper, Alfred Redfield analyzed nitrate and phosphate data for the Atlantic, Indian, Pacific oceans and Barents Sea. [1] As a Harvard physiologist, Redfield participated in several voyages on board the research vessel Atlantis, analyzing data for C, N, and P content in marine plankton, and referenced data collected by other researchers as early as 1898.
Green algae respond strongly to bright light conditions as well as unbalanced carbon dioxide and nutrient levels in the water of freshwater aquaria. [ 3 ] Green spot algae (GSA), most likely of the genus Coleochaete , is a spot-forming algae that slowly covers glass, aquarium furniture , and plants.
In contrast, freshwater invertebrates are more tolerant (~90+mg/l), and adult freshwater fish can tolerate very high levels (800mg+/l). [51] Nitrate levels also contribute to eutrophication , a process in which large algal blooms reduce oxygen levels in bodies of water and lead to death in oxygen-consuming creatures due to anoxia.
Freshwater environmental quality parameters are those chemical, physical and biological parameters that can be used to characterise a freshwater body. Because almost all water bodies are dynamic in their composition, the relevant quality parameters are typically expressed as a range of expected concentrations.
A freshwater aquarium is a receptacle that holds one or more freshwater aquatic organisms for decorative, pet-keeping, or research purposes. Modern aquariums are most often made from transparent glass or acrylic glass. Typical inhabitants include fish, plants, amphibians, and invertebrates, such as snails and crustaceans. Tropical freshwater ...
A history of the tank, such as filter changes, power outages, excessive feeding, or the addition of microbicidal or antibiotic agents to aquarium can aid in diagnosis. An ammonia test is the most sure way of diagnosing ammonia poisoning. Ammonia affects fish metabolism and their ability to absorb oxygen through their gills.
Sodium nitrate is the chemical compound with the formula Na N O 3.This alkali metal nitrate salt is also known as Chile saltpeter (large deposits of which were historically mined in Chile) [4] [5] to distinguish it from ordinary saltpeter, potassium nitrate.