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Diagram of a structure featuring plastic hinges. In the structural engineering beam theory, plastic hinge is the deformation of a section of a beam where plastic bending occurs. [1] In earthquake engineering plastic hinge is also a type of energy damping device allowing plastic rotation [deformation] of an otherwise rigid column connection. [2]
In reinforced concrete structures, the damage state variable quantifies the crack density in the plastic hinge zone; [1] in unreinforced concrete components and steel beams, it is a dimensionless measure of the crack surface; [2] in tubular steel elements, the damage variable measures the degree of local buckling [3] The LDM evolution laws can ...
Concrete hinges are hinges produced out of concrete, with little or no steel in the hinge neck, which allows a rotation without a significant bending moment. [1] The high rotations [2] [3] result from controlled tensile cracks as well as creep. [4] [3] [1] Concrete hinges are mostly used in bridge engineering [1] as monolithic, simple, economic ...
Plastic Bending Stress Distribution. Plastic bending [1] is a nonlinear behavior particular to members made of ductile materials that frequently achieve much greater ultimate bending strength than indicated by a linear elastic bending analysis. In both the plastic and elastic bending analyses of a straight beam, it is assumed that the strain ...
A common type of insulated slab is the beam and block system (mentioned above) which is modified by replacing concrete blocks with expanded polystyrene blocks. [11] This not only allows for better insulation but decreases the weight of slab which has a positive effect on load bearing walls and foundations. Formwork set for concrete pour.
A laser cut plywood box with two living hinges. A variant on the kerf bend can be used to create living hinges in laser cut wood. The technique is popular for making light-duty hinges with large radii. [7] It is also possible to create a living wood joint by hand, but the result is less accurate. [8]
A suspect is in custody after a knife attack at Grand Central 42 Street subway station in New York injured two with neck and wrist slashes.
In structural engineering, the plastic moment (M p) is a property of a structural section. It is defined as the moment at which the entire cross section has reached its yield stress . This is theoretically the maximum bending moment that the section can resist – when this point is reached a plastic hinge is formed and any load beyond this ...