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These commentaries could be read with the text of the Talmud and would help explain the meaning of the text. Another important work is the Sefer ha-Mafteaḥ (Book of the Key) by Nissim Gaon, which contains a preface explaining the different forms of Talmudic argumentation and then explains abbreviated passages in the Talmud by cross-referring ...
The Talmud itself gives no information concerning the origin of the middot, although the Geonim regarded them as Sinaitic (הלכה למשה מסיני, "Law given to Moses at Mount Sinai"; comp. Rabbi Samson of Chinon in his Sefer HaKeritot).
While Talmud Bavli has had a standardized page count for over 100 years based on the Vilna edition, the standard page count of the Yerushalmi found in most modern scholarly literature is based on the first printed edition (Venice 1523) which uses folio (#) and column number (a,b,c,and d; eg. Berachot 2d would be folio page 2, column 4).
For example: the Talmud says the prohibition of reciting an unnecessary berakhah (blessing formulated with God's name) violates the verse Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain. [2] Maimonides sees the Talmud as proving a de'oraita prohibition, [ 3 ] while Tosafot considers the law to be only derabbanan , and sees the Talmud's ...
Rabbis debating the Talmud, 1870 A historic painting of Jews studying Torah. Torah study is the study of the Torah, Hebrew Bible, Talmud, responsa, rabbinic literature, and similar works, all of which are Judaism's religious texts. According to Rabbinic Judaism, the study is done for the purpose of the mitzvah ("commandment") of Torah study itself.
Both the Babylonian Talmud and the Jerusalem Talmud have been transmitted in written form to the present day, although the more extensive Babylonian Talmud is widely considered to be more authoritative. [8] The Talmud's discussions follow the order of the Mishnah, although not all tractates are discussed.
Pivotal in shaping Judaism into its classical form, it is regarded as the second most important era in Jewish history after the Biblical period. [2] After the failure of the Great Jewish Revolt of 66–73 CE, Roman measures such as the fiscus Judaicus (Latin for 'Jewish tax') and land confiscation severely impacted the Jewish population of Judaea.
The Talmud was a compilation of both the Mishnah and the Gemara, rabbinic commentaries redacted over the next three centuries. The Gemara originated in two major centers of Jewish scholarship, Palestine and Babylonia. [7] Correspondingly, two bodies of analysis developed, and two works of Talmud were created.