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Specifically in sedimentology, a bed can be defined in one of two major ways. [2] First, Campbell [3] and Reineck and Singh [4] use the term bed to refer to a thickness-independent layer comprising a coherent layer of sedimentary rock, sediment, or pyroclastic material bounded above and below by surfaces known as bedding planes.
Sedimentology is closely linked to stratigraphy, the study of the physical and temporal relationships between rock layers or strata. The premise that the processes affecting the earth today are the same as in the past is the basis for determining how sedimentary features in the rock record were formed.
Sedimentary structures such as cross-bedding, graded bedding, and ripple marks are utilized in stratigraphic studies to indicate original position of strata in geologically complex terrains and understand the depositional environment of the sediment.
Accommodation is a fundamental concept in sequence stratigraphy, a subdiscipline of geology.It is defined as the space that is available for the deposition of sediments. [1] [2] Accommodation space can be pictured as the volume between the actual surface and the theoretical equilibrium surface where deposition and erosion are in balance at every point.
Fault and shear zone contacts can be represented by either discrete breaks and discontinuities, or ductile deformation without a physical break in stratigraphy. [9] Fault surface contacts show discrete breaks and have an attitude and position which describes the contact between two formations. [3]
The Permian through Jurassic stratigraphy of the Colorado Plateau area of southeastern Utah is a great example of Original Horizontality. These strata make up much of the famous prominent rock formations in widely spaced protected areas such as Capitol Reef National Park and Canyonlands National Park.
Swezey, Christopher S (2002), Regional Stratigraphy and Petroleum Systems of the Appalachian Basin, North America (PDF), USGS, p. 1 Treesh, Michael (1972), Sedimentology and Stratigraphy of the Salina Group (upper Silurian) in East-central New York (PDF) , Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , pp. 1–26 , retrieved 2019-03-23
Sequence stratigraphy, the study of sea level change through the examination of sedimentary deposits, was developed from the centuries-old controversy over the origin of cyclic sedimentation and the relative importance of eustatic and tectonic factors on sea level change.