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In the wings or horizontal stabilizer, longerons run spanwise (from wing root to wing tip) and attach between the ribs. The primary function here also is to transfer the bending loads acting on the wings onto the ribs and spar. Sometimes the terms "longeron" and "stringer" are used interchangeably.
Wing ribs of a de Havilland DH.60 Moth. In an aircraft, ribs are forming elements of the airframe structure of a wing, especially in traditional construction.. By analogy with the anatomical definition of "rib", the ribs attach to the main spar, and by being repeated at frequent intervals, form a skeletal shape for the wing.
The spar carries flight loads and the weight of the wings while on the ground. Other structural and forming members such as ribs may be attached to the spar or spars, with stressed skin construction also sharing the loads where it is used. There may be more than one spar in a wing or none at all.
The internal structure comprises stringers, spars, bulkheads, chord members, and various attaching fittings made of aluminum extrusions, formed sheet, forgings, and castings. The alloys most used for extruded members are 2024-T4 for sections less than 0.125 in. thick and for general application, and 2014-T6 for thicker, more highly stressed ...
While internal wing structure commonly provides much of the strength via a combination of spars, ribs and stringers, the external skin typically carries a proportion of the loads too. On many aircraft, the inner volume of the wingbox has also been used to store fuel, which is commonly referred to as being a wet wing design. [1]
The spars consisted of two tubular stringers joined to tubular uprights and adjustable steel crosspieces. [9] The bottom flange of the lattice type ribs was entirely straight from the front spar to the trailing edge. Several ribs with central compression struts supported the reactions of the wing's interior crosspieces. [9]
The fuselage had ash longerons and spruce stringers joined to plywood formers, while the single-bay wings (which had a considerable overhang outboard of the struts), had fabric-covered spruce spars and ribs. Two synchronised.303 in (7.7 mm) Vickers machine guns were mounted on the fuselage top decking. [7] [8]
The wing had constant chord and was built around two parallel, solid spars and wooden ribs. The leading edges were covered and reinforced with Wobex and the rest of the wing was fabric covered. The centre section was integral with the cabin top and the outer wings were braced on each side with V struts from the wing spars to the lower fuselage.