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The Tower Amendment was rejected, but it led to widespread misunderstanding of Title IX as a sports-equity law, rather than an anti-discrimination, civil rights law. [10] While Title IX is best known for its impact on high school and collegiate athletics, the original statute made no explicit mention of sports. The United States Supreme Court ...
Title IX, however, dictated that federally-funded educational institutions must provide fair and equal treatment to all sexes, including in athletics. With the support of progressive UI president Willard “Sandy” Boyd and alongside men's athletic director Bump Elliott, Grant started Hawkeye women's sports programs under NCAA supervision. She ...
Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 was designed to balance the amount of money spent on men's and women's sports. The late Sen. Ted Kennedy took a serious interest in women's athletics and was a champion of Title IX. [22] "Over time, he played the leading role in keeping Title IX strong through the Senate, using his stature and his ...
What impact has Title IX had on sports? Only 15% of college athletes (fewer than 30,000) were women in 1971-72, the season before Title IX’s passage.
A year before President Richard Nixon signed Title IX into law, only 1 percent of college athletic budgets went to women’s sports programs. And at the high school level at that time, male ...
While Title IX was pivotal, it came too late for women such as Dorothy D'Addona. "Grandma D" is now 93, and has been athletic all her life. Title IX brings what-if pondering of supremely athletic ...
Title IX has had a considerable impact on college athletics. Since its passing, Title IX has allowed for female participation to almost double in college sports. Before the law was passed in 1972 fewer than 30,000 girls participated in college sports; as of 2011 more than 200,000 girls participated in college sports. [50]
Title IX outlaws discrimination on the basis of sex, but enforcing nondiscrimination in sports would do the opposite of what the law intended: Girls and women would lose opportunities, not gain them.