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The brain space of the skull, and so most likely the brain itself, were larger than in modern humans. When comparing traits to worldwide average present day human traits in Neanderthal specimens, the following traits are distinguished. The magnitude of particular trait changed over the 300,000-year timeline of Neanderthal evolution.
The occipital bun pointed out on a Neanderthal skull. The occipital bun is a protuberance of the occipital bone. Its size and shape has been compared to that of a dinner roll. It is a quintessential trait of Neanderthals, though it is a trend in archaic Homo species. The true purpose of the occipital bun has not yet been defined. [3]
The Neanderthal skull was more elongated and the brain had smaller parietal lobes [80] [81] [82] and cerebellum, [83] [84] but larger temporal, occipital and orbitofrontal regions. [85] [86] The 2010 Neanderthal genome project's draft report presented evidence for interbreeding between Neanderthals and modern humans.
The skull of an ancient neanderthal woman has been rebuilt centuries after it was smashed into pieces in a cave in Kurdistan in northern Iraq. ... “The skulls of Neanderthals and humans look ...
In 2019, Greek palaeoanthropologist Katerina Harvati and colleagues argued that two 210,000 year old skulls from Apidima Cave, Greece, represent modern humans rather than Neanderthals – indicating these populations have an unexpectedly deep history [4] – but this was disputed in 2020 by French paleoanthropologist Marie-Antoinette de Lumley ...
Analysis of DNA from present-day humans has revealed that, during this time, Neanderthals and Homo sapiens occasionally encountered one another and interbred. Shanidar cave in Iraqi Kurdistan was ...
Those first modern humans that had interbred with Neanderthals and lived alongside them died out completely in Europe 40,000 years ago - but not before their offspring had spread further out into ...
Brain size in both Neanderthals and AMH is significantly larger on average (but overlapping in range) than brain size in H. erectus. Neanderthal and AMH brain sizes are in the same range, but there are differences in the relative sizes of individual brain areas, with significantly larger visual systems in Neanderthals than in AMH. [102] [note 9]