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This is sometimes called the reverse water–gas shift reaction. [19] Water gas is defined as a fuel gas consisting mainly of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H 2). The term 'shift' in water–gas shift means changing the water gas composition (CO:H 2) ratio. The ratio can be increased by adding CO 2 or reduced by adding steam to the reactor.
The water gas shift reaction is the reaction between carbon monoxide and steam to form hydrogen and carbon dioxide: CO + H 2 O ⇌ CO 2 + H 2. This reaction was discovered by Felice Fontana and nowadays is adopted in a wide range of industrial applications, such as in the production process of ammonia, hydrocarbons, methanol, hydrogen and other chemicals.
The water-gas shift reaction was discovered by Italian physicist Felice Fontana in 1780. Water gas was made in England from 1828 by blowing steam through white-hot coke.
The H 2:CO ratio is adjusted using the water-gas shift reaction. Coal-based FT plants produce varying amounts of CO 2, depending upon the energy source of the gasification process. However, most coal-based plants rely on the feed coal to supply all the energy requirements of the process.
Illustrating inputs and outputs of steam reforming of natural gas, a process to produce hydrogen and CO 2 greenhouse gas that may be captured with CCS. Steam reforming or steam methane reforming (SMR) is a method for producing syngas (hydrogen and carbon monoxide) by reaction of hydrocarbons with water. Commonly natural gas is the feedstock.
In addition, the reversible gas phase water-gas shift reaction reaches equilibrium very fast at the temperatures in a gasifier. This balances the concentrations of carbon monoxide, steam, carbon dioxide and hydrogen: CO + H 2 O ⇌ CO 2 + H 2.
Water-gas-shift reaction. The reaction that occurs in a water-gas-shift reactor is CO + H 2 O CO 2 + H 2. This produces a syngas with a higher composition of hydrogen fuel which is more efficient for burning later in combustion. Physical separation process.
The first reaction, the reverse water gas shift reaction, is a fast one: CO 2 + H 2 → CO + H 2 O. The second reaction is the rate determining step: CO + H 2 → C + H 2 O. The overall reaction produces 2.3×10 3 joules for every gram of carbon dioxide reacted at 650 °C. Reaction temperatures are in the range of 450 to 600 °C.