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Herod the Great medallion from Promptuarium Iconum Insigniorum, 16th century. Herod was born around 72 BCE [11] [12] in Idumea, south of Judea.He was the second son of Antipater the Idumaean, a high-ranking official under ethnarch Hyrcanus II, and Cypros, a Nabatean Arab princess from Petra, in present-day Jordan.
King Herod has become known among the archaeologists as Herod the Builder, and under his reign Judea experienced an unprecedented construction, still obtaining an impact on the landscape of the region. Under his enterprise, such projects as the Masada fortress, the Herodion and the great port of Caesarea Maritima were built.
The Herodian dynasty began with Herod the Great who assumed the throne of Judea, with Roman support, bringing down the century-old Hasmonean Kingdom. His kingdom lasted until his death in 4 BCE, when it was divided among his sons and daughter as a tetrarchy , which lasted for about 10 years.
Herod I (Herod the Great, c. 72 – c. 4 BCE), was a Roman client king whose territory included Judea. Upon his death, his kingdom was divided into three, each section ruled by one of his sons. In 6 CE, Emperor Augustus deposed Herod Archelaus, who had ruled the largest section, and converted his territory into the Roman province of Judaea.
41 BCE (): Herod the Great begins reign in Jerusalem, which year corresponds to the 3rd year of 185th Olympiad. [114] 34 BCE (): Battle of Actium, corresponds with 2nd year of 187th Olympiad, and seventh year of King Herod's reign [115] 7 BCE (): Death of King Herod the Great, after reigning 34 years from his taking Jerusalem. [116]
Herod, in exile in Rome, is declared king by the Roman Senate. [126] 40–37 BCE. Reign of Antigonus II Mattathias as puppet king of the Parthians. His reign is consumed by a losing war against a Roman army commanded by Mark Antony and an army raised by Herod backing his own claim. [126] Summer 37 BCE. Jerusalem is retaken and Antigonus II is ...
Excavation dates: 1930, 1967, 1968, 1970–1978, 1996–1999, 2007: ... the Second Temple was refurbished and expanded under the reign of Herod the Great, ...
Date History Image 2000-1800: ... The reign of King Saul, ... Herod the Great was appointed King of the Jews by the Roman Senate, ...