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The ordinary tribunals, in their organization, personnel and procedure, were modelled very closely on those of France.From the town judge (), who, in spite of the principle laid down in 1864, combines judicial and administrative functions, an appeal lies (as in the case of the justices of the community) to an assembly of such judges; from these again there is an appeal to the district court ...
Although Nicholas gave Count Alexander Benckendorff, the first Head Controller of the Section, few specific instructions, the Emperor intended the Third Section to act as Russia's “moral and political guardian.” [2] Just as Russia had ambassadors to other nations keeping the Emperor apprised of political conditions abroad, Nicholas saw the ...
The emperor had charge over Russia's administrative and external affairs, [14] and sole power to declare war, make peace and negotiate treaties, [15] as well as the supreme command of the armed forces. [16] The emperor also retained authority over the minting of money, [17] as well as the right to grant pardons and quash judicial proceedings. [18]
The Emperor's response was issued formally on 14 June 1911 in the form of a memorandum from the Minister of the Imperial Court, Baron Vladimir Frederiks: [4] The Lord Emperor has seen fit to permit marriages to persons not possessing corresponding rank of not all Members of the Imperial Family, but only of Princes and Princesses of the Blood ...
The tsar, the Boyar Duma and Consecrated Sobor comprised one house, and elected people of different ranks took part in sessions of another house. Deputies of the nobility and posad people had a major impact on the adoption of many of the norms of the Ulozheniye. On 29 January 1649, the drafting and editing of the Ulozheniye concluded.
Paul I, Catherine's son, continued the business of his predecessor, by expanding the areas that were subject to state control. [5] Alexander I, however, reversed some of these policies and weakened the censorship. [2] [6] In the second half of the nineteenth century, under Alexander III, freedom of the press was once again significantly ...
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Born in 1754, [1] Paul was the son of Emperor Peter III and Catherine the Great. [2] Six months after Peter's accession, Catherine participated in a successful coup d'état against her husband; Peter was deposed and killed in prison. [3] During Catherine's reign, Russia was revitalized.