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Hypoglycemia is the most common metabolic problem in newborns. [2] Neonatal hypoglycemia is hypothesized to occur in between 1 in 3 births out of every 1,000 births, but the true number is not known since there is no international standard for measurement. It often occurs in premature and small babies and babies of diabetic mothers.
Recurrent mild hypoglycemia may fit a reactive hypoglycemia pattern, but this is also the peak age for idiopathic postprandial syndrome, and recurrent "spells" in this age group can be traced to orthostatic hypotension or hyperventilation as often as demonstrable hypoglycemia. [citation needed] Insulin-induced hypoglycemia
Specific manifestations vary by age and by the severity of the hypoglycemia. In older children and adults, moderately severe hypoglycemia can resemble mania, mental illness, drug intoxication, or drunkenness. In the elderly, hypoglycemia can produce focal stroke-like effects or a hard-to-define malaise.
However, the diagnosis of ketotic hypoglycemia poses a challenge to clinicians, given how nonspecific symptoms can be and given that children in this age range are typically unable to describe their symptoms. [2] Thin or smaller children may be more prone to episodes of ketotic hypoglycemia due to reduced fasting tolerance and minimal fat ...
Children with primary adrenal failure, also called Addison's disease, may experience hypoglycemia after long periods of fasting. [3] Addison's disease is associated with chronically low levels of the stress hormone cortisol , which leads to decreased glucose production.
Three CDG subtypes PMM2-CDG, PMI-CDG, ALG6-CDG can cause congenital hyperinsulinism with hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia in infancy. [6] Because glycoproteins are involved in many central nervous system processes important during early development, intellectual disability and developmental delays are also common in CDG [7]
The first description of children with congenital hyperinsulinism was made in 1954 by Dr Irvin McQuarrie in his presidential address to the American Pediatric Society. McQuarrie termed the disorder "idiopathic hypoglycemia of infancy" and several of his patients required removal of most of their pancreas to control their hypoglycemia.
Hypoglycemia is treated by frequent feedings and/or additions of cornstarch-based products (such as Duocal powder) to the feedings. [ citation needed ] Some common conditions and disorders found in many that are SGA (and especially those without catchup growth by two years old).
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