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If the motor was always assumed to perform each movement correctly, without positional feedback, it would be open-loop control. However, if there is a position encoder, or sensors to indicate the start or finish positions, then that is closed-loop control, such as in many inkjet printers. The drawback of open-loop control of steppers is that if ...
Pressure control provided only a proportional control that, if the control gain was too high, would become unstable and go into overshoot with considerable instability of depth-holding. The pendulum added what is now known as derivative control, which damped the oscillations by detecting the torpedo dive/climb angle and thereby the rate-of ...
A 3-port solenoid-type boost controller A 4-port solenoid-type boost controller (used for a dual-port wastegate). The purpose of a boost controller is to reduce the boost pressure seen by the wastegate's reference port, in order to trick the wastegate into allowing higher boost pressures than it was designed for.
Prior to the 1960s, a pressure switch was used in the hydraulic braking circuit to control power to the brake lights; more recent automobiles use a switch directly activated by the brake pedal. In dust control systems (bag filter), a pressure switch is mounted on the header which will raise an alarm when air pressure in the header is less than ...
Engine crankcase pressure sensor; Exhaust gas temperature sensor; Fuel level sensor; Fuel pressure sensor; Knock sensor; Light sensor; MAP sensor; Mass airflow sensor; Oil level sensor; Oil pressure sensor; Omniview technology; Oxygen sensor (O 2) Parking sensor; Radar gun; Radar sensor; Speed sensor; Throttle position sensor; Tire pressure ...
Some electronics simulators integrate a schematic editor, a simulation engine, and an on-screen waveform display (see Figure 1), allowing designers to rapidly modify a simulated circuit and see what effect the changes have on the output. They also typically contain extensive model and device libraries.
Fuel pressure regulator; Rev limiter; Wastegate control and anti-lag; Theft prevention by blocking ignition, in response to input from an immobiliser; In a camless piston engine (an experimental design not currently used in any production vehicles), the ECU has continuous control of when each of the intake and exhaust valves are opened and by ...
A VR sensor used as a simple proximity sensor can determine the position of a mechanical link in a piece of industrial equipment.. A crankshaft position sensor (in an automobile engine) is used to provide the angular position of the crankshaft to the engine control unit.