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Depth sensation is the corresponding term for non-human animals, since although it is known that they can sense the distance of an object, it is not known whether they perceive it in the same way that humans do. [1] Depth perception arises from a variety of depth cues. These are typically classified into binocular cues and monocular cues ...
Binocular viewing of a scene creates two slightly different images of the scene in the two eyes due to the eyes' different positions on the head. These differences, referred to as binocular disparity, provide information that the brain can use to calculate depth in the visual scene, providing a major means of depth perception. [17]
Binocular neurons create depth perception through computation of relative and absolute disparity created by differences in the distance between the left and right eyes. Binocular neurons in the dorsal and ventral pathways combine to create depth perception, however, the two pathways perform differ in the type of stereo computation they perform. [7]
Stereopsis (from Ancient Greek στερεός 'solid' and ὄψις (ópsis) 'appearance, sight') is the component of depth perception retrieved through binocular vision. [1] Stereopsis is not the only contributor to depth perception, but it is a major one.
About 5% of individuals are unable to perceive depth in random-dot stereograms due to various disorders of binocular vision. These individuals can be identified with random-dot stereotests. The stereoacuity is measured from the patient's ability to identify forms from random dot backgrounds, as presented on several plates or pages of a book.
To ascertain that depth can be seen in a binocular views, a test must be easily administered and not subject to deception. The random-dot stereogram is used widely for this purpose and has the advantage that for the uninitiated the object shape is unknown.
The most vital benefit of binocular vision is stereopsis or depth perception; however, binocular summation does afford some subtle advantages as well. By combining the information received in each eye, binocular summation can improve visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, flicker perception, and brightness perception. [ 1 ]
Stereoscopy creates the impression of three-dimensional depth from a pair of two-dimensional images. [5] Human vision, including the perception of depth, is a complex process, which only begins with the acquisition of visual information taken in through the eyes; much processing ensues within the brain, as it strives to make sense of the raw information.
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