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In contrast to structural steel, rebar steel grades are not harmonized yet across Europe, each country having their own national standards. However, some standardization of specification and testing methods exist under EN 10080 and EN ISO 15630: BS EN 10080: Steel for the reinforcement of concrete. Weldable reinforcing steel. General. (2005)
The EN 10080: Steel for the reinforcement of concrete is a European Standard.This standard is referenced by EN 1992.This standard specifies general requirements and definitions for performance characteristics of steel reinforcement suitable for welding, which is used for reinforcement of concrete structures, supplied as finished products:
Characteristics – Generally consisting of portland cement, water, construction aggregate (coarse and fine), and steel reinforcing bars , concrete is cheaper in comparison to structural steel. Strength – Concrete is a composite material with relatively high compressive strength properties, but lacking in tensile strength/ductility.
The reinforcing steel in the bottom part of the beam, which will be subjected to tensile forces when in service, is placed in tension before the concrete is poured around it. Once the concrete has hardened, the tension on the reinforcing steel is released, placing a built-in compressive force on the concrete.
A36 steel has a Poisson's ratio of 0.26 and a shear modulus of 11,500 ksi (79.3 GPa). [ 7 ] A36 steel in plates, bars, and shapes with a thickness of less than 8 inches (203 millimeters) has a minimum yield strength of 36 ksi (250 MPa ) and ultimate tensile strength of 58–80 ksi (400–550 MPa).
ASTM A992 steel is a structural steel alloy often used in the US for steel wide-flange and I beams. Like other carbon steels, the density of ASTM A992 steel is approximately 7850 kg/m 3 (0.2836 lb/in 3). ASTM A992 steel has the following minimum mechanical properties, according to ASTM specification A992/A992M.
The applied reinforcement yield stress is = 500 N/mm². The mass density of the reinforcing bars is 7800 kg/m 3. In the table is the computed brittle material stress. is the optimised amount of reinforcement.
The reinforcement is often steel rebar (mesh, spiral, bars and other forms). Structural fibers of various materials are available. Concrete can also be prestressed (reducing tensile stress ) using internal steel cables (tendons), allowing for beams or slabs with a longer span than is practical with reinforced concrete alone.