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The Inca society was the society of the Inca civilization in Peru. The Inca Empire , which lasted from 1438 to 1533 A.D., represented the height of this civilization. The Inca state was known as the Kingdom of Cusco before 1438.
Inca origin stories describe a founding noble couple. Members of Inca social groups (ayllus) could trace their lineage back to a common ancestral couple, and leadership positions in ayllus, as in the Inca royal family, were hereditary. [24] It is important to note that in Inca society, the notions of gender equality only existed in theory.
Yanakuna were originally individuals in the Inca Empire who left the ayllu system [1] and worked full-time at a variety of tasks for the Inca, the quya (Inca queen), or the religious establishment. A few members of this serving class enjoyed high social status and were appointed officials by the Sapa Inca. [2]
The yanakuna formed a unique estate within Inca society and government. To become part of the yanakuna meant severing traditional ayllu ties and obligations, serving the nobility rather than their lineage. For many, it was a way to advance in the social and political hierarchy; being inheritable, it meant a more privileged position for their ...
The Inca referred to their empire as Tawantinsuyu, [13] "the suyu of four [parts]". In Quechua, tawa is four and -ntin is a suffix naming a group, so that a tawantin is a quartet, a group of four things taken together, in this case the four suyu ("regions" or "provinces") whose corners met at the capital.
The Inca leadership did not have the full support of all its subject peoples and furthermore, the degrading state of Inca morale coupled with the superior Spanish siege weapons soon made Manco Inca realize his hope of recapturing Cuzco was failing. Manco Inca eventually withdrew to Tambo. [9]: 239–247
The ayni was used to help individual members of the community in need, such as a sick member of the community. The Minka or teamwork represented community service and the Mita was the tax paid to the Inca in the form of labor. The Inca did not use currency, economic exchanges were by reciprocity and took place in markets called catus.
A modern Mink'a in the campesino community of Ocra, Peru, during which a community kitchen is constructed out of adobe.. Mink'a, Minka, Minga (from Quechua minccacuni, meaning "asking for help by promising something") [1] also mingaco is an Inca tradition of community work/voluntary collective labor for purposes of social utility and community infrastructure projects.