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Viscosity is a measure of a fluid's rate-dependent resistance to a change in shape or to movement of its neighboring portions relative to one another. [1] For liquids, it corresponds to the informal concept of thickness; for example, syrup has a higher viscosity than water. [2]
Chocolate syrup, sometimes called chocolate sauce, is a sweet, chocolate-flavored condiment. It is often used as a topping or dessert sauce for various desserts , such as ice cream , or mixed with milk to make chocolate milk or blended with milk and ice cream to make a chocolate milkshake .
Dynamic viscosity is a material property which describes the resistance of a fluid to shearing flows. It corresponds roughly to the intuitive notion of a fluid's 'thickness'. For instance, honey has a much higher viscosity than water. Viscosity is measured using a viscometer. Measured values span several orders of magnitude.
Polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR), E476, is an emulsifier made from glycerol and fatty acids (usually from castor bean, but also from soybean oil).In chocolate, compound chocolate and similar coatings, PGPR is mainly used with another substance like lecithin [2] to reduce viscosity.
The final liquid phase allows minor adjustment to the viscosity of the finished product by addition of fats and emulsifiers, depending on the intended use of the chocolate. While most conches are batch-process machines, continuous-flow conches separate the stages with weirs , over which the product travels through separate parts of the machine ...
In physics and chemistry, a non-Newtonian fluid is a fluid that does not follow Newton's law of viscosity, that is, it has variable viscosity dependent on stress. In particular, the viscosity of non-Newtonian fluids can change when subjected to force. Ketchup, for example, becomes runnier when shaken and is thus a non-Newtonian fluid.
Volume viscosity (also called bulk viscosity, or second viscosity or, dilatational viscosity) is a material property relevant for characterizing fluid flow. Common symbols are ζ , μ ′ , μ b , κ {\displaystyle \zeta ,\mu ',\mu _{\mathrm {b} },\kappa } or ξ {\displaystyle \xi } .
Chocolate is perceived to be different things at different times, including a sweet treat, a luxury product, a consumer good and a mood enhancer. [166] Its reputation as a mood enhancer is driven in part by marketing. [167] Chocolate is a popular metaphor for the black racial category, [168] and has connotations of sexuality. [169]