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The tympanic nerve (Jacobson's nerve) is a branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve passing through the petrous part of the temporal bone to reach the middle ear. It provides sensory innervation for the middle ear, the Eustachian tube, the parotid gland, and mastoid cells. It also carries parasympathetic fibers destined for the parotid gland.
One end of malleus is connected to the tympanic membrane, and the other end is connected to the two other ossicles, the incus and stapes, which connects to the inner ear. The purpose of the middle ear is to deliver the sound waves from the outer ear to the cochlea of the inner ear. When external sound contacts the eardrum, the ossicles vibrate.
The diagnosis is made by the combination of symptoms and examination of the tympanic membrane for redness, bulging, and/or a middle ear effusion (collection of fluid within the middle ear). [ 5 ] Complications of otitis media include hearing loss , facial nerve paralysis, or extension of infection to surrounding anatomic structures, including ...
The tympanic reflex helps prevent damage to the inner ear by muffling the transmission of low frequency vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the oval window. The reflex has a response time of 40 milliseconds, not fast enough to protect the ear from sudden loud noises such as an explosion or gunshot.
The tympanic plexus is a nerve plexus within the tympanic cavity formed upon the promontory of tympanic cavity by the tympanic nerve (branch of the inferior ganglion of glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)), and the superior and inferior caroticotympanic nerves (post-ganglionic sympathetic branches of the internal carotid plexus).
Conductive hearing loss (CHL) occurs when there is a problem transferring sound waves anywhere along the pathway through the outer ear, tympanic membrane (eardrum), or middle ear . If a conductive hearing loss occurs in conjunction with a sensorineural hearing loss, it is referred to as a mixed hearing loss.
A bulging tympanic membrane which is typical in a case of acute otitis media: Specialty: Otorhinolaryngology: Symptoms: Ear pain, fever, hearing loss [1] [2] Types: Acute otitis media, otitis media with effusion, chronic suppurative otitis media [3] [4] Causes: Viral, bacterial [4] Risk factors: Smoke exposure, daycare [4] Prevention ...
Of note, the tensor tympani muscle is innervated by the trigeminal nerve. The model also explains how whiplash injuries, temporomandibular joint dysfunction, and other conditions affecting the head and neck regions may influence the function of the tensor tympani muscle and contribute to ear symptoms such as pain hyperacusis. [7] [8] [9]