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The branch bridges the divide between human and physical geography and thus requires an understanding of the dynamics of geology, meteorology, hydrology, biogeography, and geomorphology, as well as the ways in which human societies conceptualize the environment.
Environment (systems), the surroundings of a physical system that may interact with the system by exchanging mass, energy, or other properties. Built environment , constructed surroundings that provide the settings for human activity, ranging from the large-scale civic surroundings to the personal places
The concept of the natural environment can be distinguished as components: Complete ecological units that function as natural systems without massive civilized human intervention, including all vegetation, microorganisms , soil , rocks , plateaus, mountains, the atmosphere and natural phenomena that occur within their boundaries and their nature.
Physical geography examines the natural environment and how organisms, climate, soil, water, and landforms produce and interact. [25] The difference between these approaches led to the development of integrated geography, which combines physical and human geography and concerns the interactions between the environment and humans. [21]
Environmental science is an interdisciplinary academic field that integrates physics, biology, meteorology, mathematics and geography (including ecology, chemistry, plant science, zoology, mineralogy, oceanography, limnology, soil science, geology and physical geography, and atmospheric science) to the study of the environment, and the solution of environmental problems.
Environmental determinism (also known as climatic determinism or geographical determinism) is the study of how the physical environment predisposes societies and states towards particular economic or social developmental (or even more generally, cultural) trajectories. [1]
Rice terraces located in Mù Cang Chải district, Yên Bái province, Vietnam Integrated geography (also referred to as integrative geography, [1] environmental geography or human–environment geography) is where the branches of human geography and physical geography overlap to describe and explain the spatial aspects of interactions between human individuals or societies and their natural ...
The built environment is made up of physical features. However, when studied, the built environment often highlights the connection between physical space and social consequences. [4] It impacts the environment [8] and how society physically maneuvers and functions, as well as less tangible aspects of society such as socioeconomic inequity and ...