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Universal natural resources and physical phenomena that lack clear-cut boundaries, such as air, water and climate, as well as energy, radiation, electric charge and magnetism, not originating from civilized human actions. In contrast to the natural environment is the built environment.
Environmental science is an interdisciplinary academic field that integrates physics, biology, meteorology, mathematics and geography (including ecology, chemistry, plant science, zoology, mineralogy, oceanography, limnology, soil science, geology and physical geography, and atmospheric science) to the study of the environment, and the solution of environmental problems.
Environment (systems), the surroundings of a physical system that may interact with the system by exchanging mass, energy, or other properties. Built environment , constructed surroundings that provide the settings for human activity, ranging from the large-scale civic surroundings to the personal places
Artificial light at night is one of the most obvious physical changes that humans have made to the biosphere, and is the easiest form of pollution to observe from space. [297] The main environmental impacts of artificial light are due to light's use as an information source (rather than an energy source).
Environmental protection, or environment protection, is the practice of protecting the natural environment by individuals, groups and governments. [1] Its objectives are to conserve natural resources and the existing natural environment and, where it is possible, to repair damage and reverse trends.
Environmental studies connects principles from the physical sciences, commerce/economics, the humanities, [1] and social sciences [2] to address complex contemporary environmental issues. It is a broad field of study that includes the natural environment, the built environment, and the relationship between them.
Tansley devised the concept to draw attention to the importance of transfers of materials between organisms and their environment. [4]: 9 He later refined the term, describing it as "The whole system, ... including not only the organism-complex, but also the whole complex of physical factors forming what we call the environment". [3]
Environmental epidemiology is the study of the effect on human health of physical, biologic, and chemical factors in the external environment, broadly conceived. Also, examining specific populations or communities exposed to different ambient environments, Epidemiology in our environment aims to clarify the relationship that exist between ...