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Bacteria identification and food quality monitoring using biosensors; intelligent, active, and smart food packaging systems; nanoencapsulation of bioactive food compounds are few examples of emerging applications of nanotechnology for the food industry. [2] Nanotechnology can be applied in the production, processing, safety and packaging of food.
Understanding the composite nanostructures of such materials and exploring nanomaterials' different applications may lead to the development of new materials with expanded properties, such as electrical conductivity as well as temperature-, moisture- and stress-sensing abilities. [10]
Nanomaterials can also be used in three-way-catalyst applications, which have the advantage of controlling the emission of nitrogen oxides (NO x), which are precursors to acid rain and smog. [46] In core-shell structure, nanomaterials form shell as the catalyst support to protect the noble metals such as palladium and rhodium. [ 47 ]
Bionics or biomimicry seeks to apply biological methods and systems found in nature to the study and design of engineering systems and modern technology. Biomineralization is one example of the systems studied. Bionanotechnology is the use of biomolecules for applications in nanotechnology, including the use of viruses and lipid assemblies.
Ceramic engineering – science and technology of creating objects from inorganic, non-metallic materials. Materials science – interdisciplinary field applying the properties of matter to various areas of science and engineering.
For example, electron transistors, which involve transistor operation based on a single electron. Nanoelectromechanical systems also fall under this category. Nanofabrication can be used to construct ultradense parallel arrays of nanowires , as an alternative to synthesizing nanowires individually.
For example, multi-layer structures can be fabricated for use in electronic applications. An electrodeposited Fe/Fe oxide multi-layered sample can be an example of this application of magnetic nanocomposites. [35] In applications such as power micro-inductors where high magnetic permeability is desired at high operating frequencies. [36]
It uses existing principles of green chemistry and green engineering [22] to make nanomaterials and nano-products without toxic ingredients, at low temperatures using less energy and renewable inputs wherever possible, and using lifecycle thinking in all design and engineering stages.