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Bromism is caused by a neurotoxic effect on the brain which results in somnolence, psychosis, seizures, and delirium. [2] Bromism has also been caused by excessive consumption of soda that contains brominated vegetable oil , leading to headache , fatigue , ataxia , memory loss , and potentially inability to walk as observed in one case.
If these bubbles cause blockage in blood vessels, this is arterial gas embolism. Vascular obstruction and inflammation caused by gas bubbles causes end organ damage to most tissues. [15] Sufficient pressure difference and expansion to cause this injury can occur from depths as shallow as 1.2 metres (3.9 ft). [16]
Chlorine is a strong oxidizing element causing the hydrogen to split from water in moist tissue, resulting in nascent oxygen and hydrogen chloride that cause corrosive tissue damage. Additionally oxidation of chlorine may form hypochlorous acid , which can penetrate cells and react with cytoplasmic proteins destroying cell structure.
CNH is the human body's response to reduced carbon dioxide levels in the blood. This reduction in carbon dioxide is caused by contraction of cranial arteries from damage caused by lesions in the brain stem. However, the mechanism by which CNH arises as a result from these lesions is still very poorly understood.
When high pressure is pushing on the walls of narrowed blood vessels, fluid leaves the inside of blood vessels and moves to the space just outside. This impairs necessary blood flow and cuts off circulating oxygen, which can lead to tissue death and permanent damage to the brain, heart, arteries, and kidneys.
These changes are most prominent in the kidney and can lead to ischemia and acute kidney failure. In the brain, a small cavity called a lacune is an ischemic cavity that can arise due to brain necrosis, due to arteriolosclerosis. [15] [16] Cause. It can be caused by chronic benign (essential) hypertension [17] malignant hypertension. [4] [18]
Brain ischemia has been linked to a variety of diseases or abnormalities. Individuals with sickle cell anemia, compressed blood vessels, ventricular tachycardia, plaque buildup in the arteries, blood clots, extremely low blood pressure as a result of heart attack, and congenital heart defects have a higher predisposition to brain ischemia in comparison to the average population.
The cerebral arteries describe three main pairs of arteries and their branches, which perfuse the cerebrum of the brain. The three main arteries are the: Anterior cerebral artery (ACA), which supplies blood to the medial portion of the brain, including the superior parts of the frontal and anterior parietal lobes [1]