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Autocracy has been the primary form of government for most of human history. [48] One of the earliest forms of government was the chiefdom that developed in tribal societies, which date back to the Neolithic. [49] Chiefdoms are regional collections of villages ruled over by tribal chief. [50]
Term Description Examples Autocracy: Autocracy is a system of government in which supreme power (social and political) is concentrated in the hands of one person or polity, whose decisions are subject to neither external legal restraints nor regularized mechanisms of popular control (except perhaps for the implicit threat of a coup d'état or mass insurrection).
Authoritarianism is a political system characterized by the rejection of political plurality, the use of strong central power to preserve the political status quo, and reductions in democracy, separation of powers, civil liberties, and the rule of law.
A liberal autocracy is a non-democratic government that follows the principles of liberalism. [1] Until the 20th century, most countries in Western Europe were "liberal autocracies, or at best, semi-democracies". [2] One example of a "classic liberal autocracy" was the Austro-Hungarian Empire. [3]
In political science, despotism (Greek: Δεσποτισμός, romanized: despotismós) is a form of government in which a single entity rules with absolute power. Normally, that entity is an individual, the despot (as in an autocracy), but societies which limit respect and power to specific groups have also been called despotic. [1]
A coalition government is one in which multiple parties cooperate to form a government as part of a coalition agreement. In a single-party government, a single party forms a government without the support of a coalition, as is typically the case with majority governments, [ 42 ] [ 43 ] but even a minority government may consist of just one ...
In Estonia, 9 years of primary school (Põhikool or "basic school") are compulsory. The first three grades of primary school are called Algkool which can be translated as "beginning school" and can be confused with primary school. In some low density population areas Algkool is the only school available and students enter primary school in ...
A liberal autocracy is a non-democratic government that follows the principles of liberalism. [122] Until the 20th century, most countries in Western Europe were "liberal autocracies, or at best, semi-democracies". [123] One example of a "classic liberal autocracy" was the Austro-Hungarian Empire. [124]