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Hogging is the stress a ship's hull or keel experiences that causes the center or the keel to bend upward. Sagging is the stress a ship's hull or keel is placed under when a wave is the same length as the ship and the ship is in the trough of two waves.
The keel is the bottom-most longitudinal structural element of a watercraft. On some sailboats, it may have a hydrodynamic and counterbalancing purpose as well. The laying of the keel is often the initial step in constructing a ship. In the British and American shipbuilding traditions, this event marks the beginning date of a ship's construction.
Keel: the main structural member of a traditional vessel, running fore and aft from bow to stern on its centerline. It provides ballast for stability, and resistance to leeway moving through the water. Keelson: an internal beam fixed to the top of the keel to strengthen the joint of the upper members of the boat to the keel.
Draft (d) or (T) is the vertical distance from the bottom of the keel to the waterline. Freeboard (FB) is depth plus the height of the keel structure minus draft. Length at the waterline (LWL) is the length from the forwardmost point of the waterline measured in profile to the stern-most point of the waterline.
A bilge keel. A bilge keel is a long, often V-shaped metal fin welded along the length of the ship at the turn of the bilge. Bilge keels are employed in pairs (one for each side of the ship). Rarely, a ship may have more than one bilge keel per side. Bilge keels increase hydrodynamic resistance when a vessel rolls, limiting the amount of roll.
Aloft: the stacks, masts, rigging, or other area above the highest solid structure. [1] Amidships: near the middle part of a ship. [1] Aport: toward the port side of a ship (opposite of "astarboard"). [6] Ashore: on or towards the shore or land. [7] Astarboard: toward the starboard side of a ship (opposite of "aport"). [8]
Kelson marked with 17. The keelson or kelson is a reinforcing structural member on top of the keel in the hull of a vessel. [1] Originally used on wooden ships, in modern usage a kellson is any structural member used to strengthen the hull or support any heavy weight.
A sail batten is a flexible insert in a fore-and-aft sail that provides added stiffness and definition to the sail's airfoil cross-section. [1] The most common use of sail battens is in the roach of a mainsail. The batten extends the leech past the line that runs from the head and the clew of the sail to create a wider sail towards the top.