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IPv4 address exhaustion timeline. IPv4 address exhaustion is the depletion of the pool of unallocated IPv4 addresses. Because the original Internet architecture had fewer than 4.3 billion addresses available, depletion has been anticipated since the late 1980s when the Internet started experiencing dramatic growth.
The original list of IPv4 address blocks was published in September 1981. [3] In previous versions of the document, [19] [20] network numbers were 8-bit numbers rather than the 32-bit numbers used in IPv4. At that time, three networks were added that were not listed earlier: 42.rrr.rrr.rrr, 43.rrr.rrr.rrr, and 44.rrr.rrr.rrr.
Address block Address range Number of addresses Scope Description 0.0.0.0/8 0.0.0.0–0.255.255.255 16 777 216: Software Current (local, "this") network [1] 10.0.0.0/8 10.0.0.0–10.255.255.255 16 777 216: Private network Used for local communications within a private network [3] 100.64.0.0/10 100.64.0.0–100.127.255.255 4 194 304: Private network
Burroughs Network Architecture 0x32 50 ESP Encapsulating Security Payload: RFC 4303: 0x33 51 AH Authentication Header: RFC 4302: 0x34 52 I-NLSP Integrated Net Layer Security Protocol: TUBA 0x35 53 SwIPe SwIPe: RFC 5237: 0x36 54 NARP NBMA Address Resolution Protocol: RFC 1735: 0x37 55 MOBILE IP Mobility (Min Encap) RFC 2004: 0x38 56 TLSP
The CIDR notation 0.0.0.0 / 0 defines an IP block containing all possible IP addresses. It is commonly used in routing to depict the default route as a destination subnet. It matches all addresses in the IPv4 address space and is present on most hosts, directed towards a local router. [10]
Decomposition of an IPv4 address from dot-decimal notation to its binary value. An IPv4 address has a size of 32 bits, which limits the address space to 4 294 967 296 (2 32) addresses. Of this number, some addresses are reserved for special purposes such as private networks (≈18 million addresses) and multicast addressing (≈270 million ...
Using a link-local address, hosts can communicate over this link but only locally; Access to other networks and the Internet is not possible. There are some link-local IPv4 address implementations available: Apple Mac OS and MS Windows have supported link-local addresses since Windows 98 and Mac OS 8.5 (both released in 1998). [1]
The number of addresses of a network may be calculated as 2 address length − prefix length, where address length is 128 for IPv6 and 32 for IPv4. For example, in IPv4, the prefix length / 29 gives: 2 32−29 = 2 3 = 8 addresses.