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As a precursor to the lambda functions introduced in C# 3.0, C#2.0 added anonymous delegates. These provide closure-like functionality to C#. [3] Code inside the body of an anonymous delegate has full read/write access to local variables, method parameters, and class members in scope of the delegate, excepting out and ref parameters. For example:-
Whether it is a console or a graphical interface application, the program must have an entry point of some sort. The entry point of a C# application is the Main method. There can only be one declaration of this method, and it is a static method in a class. It usually returns void and is passed command-line arguments as an array of strings.
create(): creates a new, initially empty set structure. create_with_capacity(n): creates a new set structure, initially empty but capable of holding up to n elements. add(S,x): adds the element x to S, if it is not present already. remove(S, x): removes the element x from S, if it is present.
Another example can be when dealing with structs. In the code snippet below, we have a struct student which contains some variables describing the information about a student. The function register_student leaks memory contents because it fails to fully initialize the members of struct student new_student.
The lazy initialization technique allows us to do this in just O(m) operations, rather than spending O(m+n) operations to first initialize all array cells. The technique is simply to allocate a table V storing the pairs ( k i , v i ) in some arbitrary order, and to write for each i in the cell T [ k i ] the position in V where key k i is stored ...
Examples of reference types are object (the ultimate base class for all other C# classes), System. String (a string of Unicode characters), and System. Array (a base class for all C# arrays). Both type categories are extensible with user-defined types.
Using a dynamic array, it is possible to implement a stack that can grow or shrink as much as needed. The size of the stack is simply the size of the dynamic array, which is a very efficient implementation of a stack since adding items to or removing items from the end of a dynamic array requires amortized O(1) time.
In class-based, object-oriented programming, a constructor (abbreviation: ctor) is a special type of function called to create an object.It prepares the new object for use, often accepting arguments that the constructor uses to set required member variables.