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Book restoration is the renewal and repair of books. [1] Techniques include cleaning; mending and filling damaged pages; restitching and rebinding . The first substantial work on the subject was Alfred Bonnardot 's Essai sur l'art de Restaurer les Estampes et les Livres which was first published in Paris in 1846.
Restoration involves returning a book or manuscript to as close to new condition as possible with the use of more invasive techniques and less retaining of original materials. [5] Preservation is an umbrella term which encompasses conservation and restoration; however, the terms are sometimes used interchangeably when referring to library and ...
A Franklin stove. The Franklin stove is a metal-lined fireplace named after Benjamin Franklin, who invented it in 1742. [1] It had a hollow baffle near the rear (to transfer more heat from the fire to a room's air) and relied on an "inverted siphon" to draw the fire's hot fumes around the baffle. [2]
A chimenea (UK English) [1] or chiminea (US English) [2] (/ ˌ tʃ ɪ m ɪ ˈ n eɪ. ə / CHIM-in-AY-ə; from Spanish chimenea [tʃimeˈnea], in turn derived from French cheminée, "chimney") is a freestanding front-loading fireplace or oven with a bulbous body and usually a vertical smoke vent or chimney.
The main part of the fireplace is the burner. The burner is a container filled with fuel. Ethanol fireplaces should be operated with care, since ethanol is highly flammable, [1] [2] [3] and severe burn accidents can happen, [1] [4] mostly while refilling or lighting the fireplace, even when safety instructions are followed. [5]
An outdoor fireplace is a place for building fires outside of the home. Similar in construction to an indoor fireplace, an outdoor fireplace is usually added to a stone, brick, or concrete patio. It often consists of a firebox and a chimney. The firebox is typically constructed with a smoke shelve incorporated although straight firebox designs ...
Manufactured fireplaces are made with sheet metal or glass fire boxes. Electric fireplaces can be built-in replacements for wood or gas or retrofit with log inserts or electric fireboxes. A few types are wall mounted electric fireplaces, electric fireplace stoves, electric mantel fireplaces, and fixed or free standing electric fireplaces.
Book with illustration. Bookbreaking is the longstanding practice of removing pages (especially those containing maps or illustrations) from books, especially from rare books. The term is not usually used to refer to outright theft, where the bookbreaker does not own the book in question.