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The harmful effects of caffeine during pregnancy can be attributed to its ability to absorb rapidly into the bloodstream and cross into the placenta, along with the slowed breakdown of caffeine that occurs during pregnancy which can expose the fetus to caffeine and its metabolites for a prolonged period of time.
According to Yawitz, women who are pregnant and breastfeeding “may need to limit caffeine to 200 milligrams daily, simply because babies don’t have the enzymes necessary to metabolize it.”
One 12-ounce cup (355 ml) of brewed coffee contains about 200 mg of caffeine, but tea generally contains less caffeine and the amount can vary by type of tea and how long it was brewed.
Consumption of caffeine is not associated with adverse reproductive and developmental effects. [79] The half-life of caffeine is longer in pregnancy by 8 to 16 more hours, which means that caffeine stays in the person longer, increases fetal exposure to caffeine, and is eliminated slower in the body. [78]
The health effects of coffee include various possible health benefits and health risks. [ 1 ] A 2017 umbrella review of meta-analyses found that drinking coffee is generally safe within usual levels of intake and is more likely to improve health outcomes than to cause harm at doses of 3 or 4 cups of coffee daily.
Excessive coffee consumption, generally above four to six cups per day, may increase the risk of side effects such as anxiety, restlessness, insomnia, and gastrointestinal discomfort, he explains.
Iodine levels are frequently too low in pregnant women, and iodine is necessary for normal thyroid function and mental development of the fetus, even cretinism. Pregnant women should take prenatal vitamins containing iodine. [10] Vitamin D levels vary with exposure to sunlight. While it was assumed that supplementation was necessary only in ...
Evidence regarding the effects of caffeine on pregnancy and for breastfeeding are inconclusive. [26] There is limited primary and secondary advice for, or against, caffeine use during pregnancy and its effects on the fetus or newborn. [26]