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Belgium was the first country in continental Europe to experience the Industrial Revolution, and was the most intensively industrialized country in the world throughout most of the period. [88] [89] Belgium industrialized rapidly over the 19th century, with a focus on iron, coal and textile production. [90]
Artistic and literary culture in Belgium began a revival towards the late 19th century. A core element of Belgian nationalism was the scientific study of its national history. The movement was led by Godefroid Kurth, a student of the German historian Ranke. Kurth taught modern historical methods to his students at the University of Liège.
During the 19th century, the Belgian government began a program of producing artworks, literature, symbols, and rituals which would solidify the new state. [6] Therefore, between 1834 and 1835, Wappers was commissioned by the government to create Episode of the Belgian Revolution of 1830 in order to extol the Belgian past. [6] [7] [8]
On 2 August 1831 the Dutch army, headed by the Dutch princes, invaded Belgium, in what became known as the "Ten Days' Campaign" On 4 August the Dutch force took control of Antwerp and moved deeper into Belgium. The Belgian army of the Meuse was defeated in the battle of Hasselt. On 8 August Leopold called for support from the French and the ...
19th-century Belgian people (4 C, 13 P) S. 19th century in the Southern Netherlands (1 C, 6 P) Y. Years of the 19th century in Belgium (71 C, 45 P)
German invasion: beginning of Belgian involvement in the Second World War. 1941: 11 September: King Leopold III secretly marries Lilian Baels: 1944: 17–18 August: courcelle massacre. 1944: 4 September: Liberation of Brussels and Antwerp. 5 September: Customs Convention between Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg signed. [164]: 978 16 December
Colonization of the Congo began in the late 19th century. King Leopold II of Belgium, frustrated by his nation's lack of international power and prestige, tried to persuade the Belgian government to support colonial expansion around the then-largely unexplored Congo Basin. Their refusal led Leopold to create a state under his own personal rule.
During the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century, mining and the heavy industry that relied on coal formed a major part of Belgium's economy. Most of this mining and industry took place in the sillon industriel ("industrial valley" in French), a strip of land running across the country where many of the largest cities in Wallonia are located.