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The type of oxygen sensor used in most underwater diving applications is the electro-galvanic oxygen sensor, a type of fuel cell, which is sometimes called an oxygen analyser or ppO 2 meter. They are used to measure the oxygen concentration of breathing gas mixes such as nitrox and trimix . [ 9 ]
It can be measured with a dissolved oxygen probe such as an oxygen sensor or an optode in liquid media, usually water. [1] The standard unit of oxygen saturation is percent (%). Oxygen saturation can be measured regionally and noninvasively. Arterial oxygen saturation (SaO 2) is commonly measured using pulse oximetry.
Electro-galvanic fuel cell as used in a diving rebreather to measure the partial pressure of oxygen. Two oxygen cells as used by oxygen analysers for diving gas showing commonly used connectors. An electro-galvanic fuel cell is an electrochemical device which consumes a fuel to produce an electrical output by a chemical reaction.
In a photoionization detector, high-energy photons, typically in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) range, break molecules into positively charged ions. [2] As compounds enter the detector they are bombarded by high-energy UV photons and are ionized when they absorb the UV light, resulting in ejection of electrons and the formation of positively charged ions.
The levels of NO are around 100–2000 ppm (parts per million) and NO 2 20–200 ppm in a range of 1–10% O 2. The sensor has to be very sensitive to pick up these levels. The main challenges in the sensor development are selectivity, sensitivity, stability, reproducibility, response time, limit of detection, and cost.
A lean mixture contains an excess of oxygen. The surplus oxygen will react with nitrogen to (oxides of nitrogen), if the temperature is high enough (around 1600 °C) for enough time to permit so. A rich mixture contains a deficit of oxygen. This makes it impossible for all fuel to combust completely to carbon dioxide and water vapour.
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