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The visual fields of a jumping spider The eight eyes of a Telamonia dimidiata located near the front Adult male Phidippus audax. Jumping spiders have four pairs of eyes; three secondary pairs that are fixed and a principal pair that is movable.
The grate-type tapetum is the most efficient; the long vitreous body and spherical lens combine to produce a sharp, in focus image. It forms rows of crystals which lie beneath the visual cells, and the nerves exit through the gaps in the 'grate'. This type is found primarily in hunting spiders such as wolf spiders and fishing spiders. [2] [7]
Original caption: Diagram of the approximate visual fields of Phidippus as viewed from above, showing the eyes and their respective optic nerves connected to the prosomal CNS. The posterior lateral (PLE) and anterior lateral eyes (ALE) provide the spider with a 360-degree survey of its surroundings.
[8]: 53 Like all jumping spiders, Portias can take in only a small visual field at one time, [12] as the most acute part of a main eye can see all of a circle up to 12 millimetres wide at 20 centimetres away, or up to 18 millimetres wide at 30 centimetres away. [13] Jumping spider's main eyes can see from red to ultraviolet. [14]
[9]: 53 Like all jumping spiders, P. labiata can take in only a small visual field at one time, [12] as the most acute part of a main eye can see all of a circle up to 12 millimetres wide at 20 centimetres away, or up to 18 millimetres wide at 30 centimetres away. [13] Jumping spider's main eyes can see from red to ultraviolet. [14]
Phidippus audax are commonly referred to as "bold jumping spiders" or "bold jumpers". [8] The species name, audax, is a Latin adjective meaning "audacious" or "bold". [8] This name was first used to describe the species by French arachnologist Nicholas Marcellus Hentz, who described the spider as being, "very bold, often jumping on the hand which threatens it". [9]
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The genus was established in 1878 by German arachnologist Friedrich Karsch.The fringed jumping spider (Portia fimbriata) is the type species.[1]Molecular phylogeny, a technique that compares the DNA of organisms to construct the tree of life, indicates that Portia is a member of a basal clade (i.e. quite similar to the ancestors of all jumping spiders) and that the Spartaeus, Phaeacius, and ...
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