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Operons are related to regulons, stimulons and modulons; whereas operons contain a set of genes regulated by the same operator, regulons contain a set of genes under regulation by a single regulatory protein, and stimulons contain a set of genes under regulation by a single cell stimulus. According to its authors, the term "operon" is derived ...
Changes in the regulation of gene networks are a common mechanism for prokaryotic evolution.An example of the effects of different regulatory environments for homologous proteins is the DNA-binding protein OmpR, which is involved in response to osmotic stress in E. coli but is involved in response to acidic environments in the close relative Salmonella Typhimurium.
Regulation of gene expression by a hormone receptor Diagram showing at which stages in the DNA-mRNA-protein pathway expression can be controlled. Regulation of gene expression, or gene regulation, [1] includes a wide range of mechanisms that are used by cells to increase or decrease the production of specific gene products (protein or RNA).
The expression of genes in the operon is controlled by three differentially regulated promoters, [4] two of which are controlled by RpoS encoded sigma factor σ S. csiD p : is σ S-dependent and is activated exclusively upon carbon starvation because cAMP-CRP acts an essential activator for σ S containing RNA polymerase at the csiD promoter.
In molecular biology, an inducer is a molecule that regulates gene expression. [1] An inducer functions in two ways; namely: By disabling repressors.The gene is expressed because an inducer binds to the repressor.
The gua operon is responsible for regulating the synthesis of guanosine mono phosphate (GMP), a purine nucleotide, from inosine monophosphate (IMP or inosinate). It consists of two structural genes guaB (encodes for IMP dehydrogenase or and guaA (encodes for GMP synthetase) apart from the promoter and operator region.
The gal operon is a prokaryotic operon, which encodes enzymes necessary for galactose metabolism. [1] Repression of gene expression for this operon works via binding of repressor molecules to two operators.
Threonine is one of at least 6 amino acid operons are known to be regulated by attenuation. [1] In each a leader sequence of 150–200 bp is found upstream of the first gene in the operon. This leader sequence can assume two different secondary structures known as the terminator and the anti-terminator structure.