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Pediatric narcolepsy cases are cases when patients are diagnosed or experience symptoms onset for narcolepsy before the age of 18. Of patients who obtain a formal diagnosis for narcolepsy, more than 50% report first experiencing symptoms of narcolepsy more than 10 years before their formal diagnosis, with an average age of symptom onset being at age 15 and symptom onset most likely to occur ...
Narcolepsy is a chronic neurological disorder that impairs the ability to regulate sleep–wake cycles, and specifically impacts REM (rapid eye movement) sleep. [1] The pentad symptoms of narcolepsy include excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), sleep-related hallucinations, sleep paralysis, disturbed nocturnal sleep (DNS), and cataplexy. [1]
Cataplexy is the first symptom to appear in about 10% of cases of narcolepsy, [2] caused by an autoimmune destruction of hypothalamic neurons that produce the neuropeptide hypocretin (also called orexin), which regulates arousal and has a role in stabilization of the transition between wake and sleep states. [3]
A large percentage of people with narcolepsy have cataplexy as well, which along with excessive sleepiness disrupts a person’s ability to socialize, work at a job, drive a car or even have close ...
Primary vs. secondary (i.e. comorbid) insomnia has been reunited into a single disorder: chronic insomnia. Narcolepsy has been divided into narcolepsy type 1 and narcolepsy type 2. These two types are distinguished by the presence or absence of cataplexy and the cerebrospinal fluid hypocretin-1 level.
There have been no findings that show a cultural difference between manifestations of night terrors, though it is thought that the significance and cause of night terrors differ within cultures. Also, older children and adults provide highly detailed and descriptive images associated with their sleep terrors compared to younger children, who ...
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 6 January 2025. The following is a list of mental disorders as defined at any point by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) or the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). A mental disorder, also known as a mental illness, mental health condition, or psychiatric disorder ...
[35]: 102 Narcolepsy, by contrast, seems to involve excessive and unwanted REM atonia: cataplexy and excessive daytime sleepiness while awake, hypnagogic hallucinations before entering slow-wave sleep, or sleep paralysis while waking.
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