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This is a list of all reigning monarchs in the history of Russia. The list begins with the semi-legendary prince Rurik of Novgorod, sometime in the mid-9th century, and ends with Nicholas II, who abdicated in 1917, and was executed with his family in 1918. Two dynasties have ruled Russia: the Rurikids (862–1598) and Romanovs (from 1613). [1] [2]
The Tsar of all Russia, [1] officially the Sovereign, Tsar and Grand Prince of all Russia, [a] [b] [2] [3] [4] was the title of the Russian monarch from 1547 to 1721. During this period, the state was a tsardom. [5] [6] The first Russian monarch to be crowned tsar was Ivan IV, who had held the title of sovereign and grand prince.
The emperor and autocrat of all Russia [1] (Russian: Император и Самодержец Всероссийский, romanized: Imperator i Samoderzhets Vserossiyskiy, IPA: [ɪm⁽ʲ⁾pʲɪˈratər ɪ səmɐˈdʲerʐɨt͡s fsʲɪrɐˈsʲijskʲɪj]), [a] also translated as emperor and autocrat of all the Russias, [2] was the official title of the Russian monarch from 1721 to 1917.
Tsar and its variants were the official titles in the First Bulgarian Empire (681–1018), Second Bulgarian Empire (1185–1396), the Kingdom of Bulgaria (1908–1946), the Serbian Empire (1346–1371), and the Tsardom of Russia (1547–1721). The first ruler to adopt the title tsar was Simeon I of Bulgaria. [6]
In 1866 after tsesarevich Nicholas's death, tsar Alexander II informed the new tsesarevich Alexander that Russia had come to a marriage agreement with the parents of Princess Dagmar of Denmark, who had been Nicholas' fiancée. Initially, the tsesarevich refused to travel to Copenhagen because he wanted to marry Maria.
Ivan IV Vasilyevich (Russian: Иван IV Васильевич; [d] 25 August 1530 – 28 March [O.S. 18 March] 1584), commonly known as Ivan the Terrible, [e] was Grand Prince of Moscow and all Russia from 1533 to 1547, and the first Tsar and Grand Prince of all Russia from 1547 until his death in 1584. [3]
In Northern Europe and at the court of the Holy Roman Empire, however, the country was known under its own name, Russia or Rossia. [42] Sigismund von Herberstein, ambassador of the Holy Roman Emperor in Russia, used both Russia and Moscovia in his work on the Russian tsardom and noted: "The majority believes that Russia is a changed name of ...
Ivan V was born in 1666 in Moscow, the youngest son of Tsar Alexis and Maria Miloslavskaya. Only two of his older brothers survived childhood; his eldest brother, Alexei, died aged 15 in 1670, therefore his second brother, Feodor, became tsar upon the death of their father. When Feodor died in 1682 without issue, the court was faced with a ...