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Cirsium vulgare, the spear thistle, bull thistle, or common thistle, is a species of the Asteraceae genus Cirsium, native throughout most of Europe (north to 66°N, locally 68°N), Western Asia (east to the Yenisei Valley), and northwestern Africa (Atlas Mountains).
The following species in the flowering plant genus Cirsium, the plume thistles, are accepted by Plants of the World Online. [1] A 2022 molecular study reassigned many species to other genera, but Cirsium remains a speciose genus. [ 2 ]
Cirsium vulgare was ranked in the top ten for nectar production in a UK plants survey conducted by the AgriLand project supported by the UK Insect Pollinators Initiative. [7] Bull thistle was a top producer of nectar sugar in another study in Britain, ranked third with a production per floral unit of (2323 ± 418μg). [5]
Cirsium vulgare, for instance, ranked in the top 10 for nectar production in a UK plants survey conducted by the AgriLand project which is supported by the UK Insect Pollinators Initiative. Cirsium vulgare was also a top producer of nectar sugar in another study in Britain, ranked third with a production per floral unit of (2323 ± 418μg). [7]
Cirsium eriophorum: Woolly thistle Cirsium vulgare: Spear thistle Cirsium dissectum: Meadow thistle Cirsium tuberosum: Tuberous thistle Cirsium erisithales: Yellow thistle * Cirsium heterophyllum: Melancholy thistle Cirsium oleraceum: Cabbage thistle * Cirsium acaule: Dwarf thistle Cirsium palustre: Marsh thistle Cirsium arvense: Creeping ...
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Cirsium arvense Scop. (= Carduus arvensis, or Cirsium incanum) Cirsium vulgare Ten. (= Carduus vulgaris, Carduus lanceolatus, or Cirsium lanceolatum) Centaurea biebersteinii (Jaub. et Spach) Walp. Centratherum punctatum Cass. Cosmos sulphureus Cav. Echinops sphaerocephalus L. Eremanthus sphaerocephalus Baker; Eupatorium itatiayense Hieron.
Cirsium horridulum is a biennial herb up to 250 centimetres (100 in) tall, with a large taproot and fleshy side roots that sometimes sprout new shoots. Leaves are up to 40 centimetres (16 in) long with thick, sharp spines along the edges.