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2. Turbomolecular pump - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbomolecular_pump

   A turbomolecular pump with attached vacuum ionization gauge for pressure measurement.. At atmospheric pressure, the mean free path of air is about 70 nm. A turbomolecular pump can work only if those molecules hit by the moving blades reach the stationary blades before colliding with other molecules on their way.

3. Roughing pump - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roughing_pump

   The term "roughing pump" derives from the vacuum range it works in, "rough vacuum", above 1x10 −3 torr (0.1 Pa). Pumps that operate in the high vacuum ranges typically don't operate, or only operate inefficiently, at atmospheric pressures , whereas pumps that work efficiently at atmospheric pressure usually cannot produce a vacuum lower than ...

4. Turbopump - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbopump

   A turbopump is a propellant pump with two main components: a rotodynamic pump and a driving gas turbine, usually both mounted on the same shaft, or sometimes geared together. They were initially developed in Germany in the early 1940s. The purpose of a turbopump is to produce a high-pressure fluid for feeding a combustion chamber or other use ...

5. Ultra-high vacuum - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra-high_vacuum

   There is no single vacuum pump that can operate all the way from atmospheric pressure to ultra-high vacuum. Instead, a series of different pumps is used, according to the appropriate pressure range for each pump. In the first stage, a roughing pump clears most of the gas from the chamber. This is followed by one or more vacuum pumps that ...

6. Diffusion pump - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffusion_pump

   An oil diffusion pump is used to achieve higher vacuum (lower pressure) than is possible by use of positive displacement pumps alone. Although its use has been mainly associated within the high-vacuum range, down to 1 × 10 −9 mbar (1 × 10 −7 Pa), diffusion pumps today can produce pressures approaching 1 × 10 −10 mbar (1 × 10 −8 Pa) when properly used with modern fluids and accessories.

7. RS-25 - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RS-25

   The low-pressure oxidizer turbopump (LPOTP) is an axial-flow pump which operates at approximately 5,150 rpm driven by a six-stage turbine powered by high-pressure liquid oxygen from the high-pressure oxidizer turbopump (HPOTP). It boosts the liquid oxygen's pressure from 0.7 to 2.9 MPa (100 to 420 psi), with the flow from the LPOTP then being ...