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  2. Vaccine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine

    An oral polio vaccine turned out to be effective when vaccinations were administered by volunteer staff without formal training; the results also demonstrated increased ease and efficiency of administering the vaccines. Effective oral vaccines have many advantages; for example, there is no risk of blood contamination.

  3. Vaccine hesitancy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_hesitancy

    Vaccine uptake in the UK decreased from 81% to 31%, and pertussis epidemics followed, leading to the deaths of some children. The mainstream medical opinion continued to support the effectiveness and safety of the vaccine; public confidence was restored after the publication of a national reassessment of vaccine efficacy.

  4. mRNA vaccine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MRNA_vaccine

    An mRNA vaccine is a type of vaccine that uses a copy of a molecule called messenger RNA (mRNA) to produce an immune response. [1] The vaccine delivers molecules of antigen-encoding mRNA into cells, which use the designed mRNA as a blueprint to build foreign protein that would normally be produced by a pathogen (such as a virus) or by a cancer ...

  5. WHO Model List of Essential Medicines - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WHO_Model_List_of...

    The core items are deemed to be the most cost-effective options for key health problems and are usable with little additional health care resources. [4] The complementary items either require additional infrastructure such as specially trained health care providers or diagnostic equipment or have a lower cost–benefit ratio . [ 4 ]

  6. Measles - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measles

    However, the effectiveness of passive immunization in comparison to active measles vaccine is not clear. [76] The MMR vaccine is 95% effective for preventing measles after one dose if the vaccine is given to a child who is 12 months or older; if a second dose of the MMR vaccine is given, it will provide immunity in 99% of children. [77]

  7. Antimicrobial resistance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimicrobial_resistance

    Development and testing of more effective vaccines is underway. [227] Two registrational trials have evaluated vaccine candidates in active immunization strategies against S. aureus infection. In a phase II trial, a bivalent vaccine of capsular proteins 5 & 8 was tested in 1804 hemodialysis patients with a primary fistula or synthetic graft ...

  8. Public health - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_health

    Various aspects of public health: From top to bottom: Community health worker in Mali, vaccination example (COVID-19 vaccination in Germany), historical sewer installation photo from the United States, anti-smoking campaign in India. Part of a series on Public health Outline Subfields Community health Dental public health Environmental health Epidemiology Health economics Health education ...

  9. Leprosy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leprosy

    It appears to be 26% to 41% effective (based on controlled trials) and about 60% effective based on observational studies with two doses possibly working better than one. [78] [79] The WHO concluded in 2018 that the BCG vaccine at birth reduces leprosy risk and is recommended in countries with high incidence of TB and people who have leprosy. [80]