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Repeated implantation failure (RIF) is the repeated failure of the embryo to implant onto the side of the uterus wall following IVF treatment. [1] Implantation happens at 6–7 days after conception and involves the embedding of the growing embryo into the mothers uterus and a connection being formed. [2]
The embryo becomes embedded in the endometrium in a process called implantation. In most successful pregnancies, the embryo implants 8 to 10 days after ovulation. [7] The embryo, the extra-embryonic membranes, and the placenta are collectively referred to as a conceptus, or the "products of conception".
[58] [59] [60] By day 13 the penetration site in the endometrium has usually been closed by a fibrin plug but increased blood flow into the syncytiotrophoblast spaces can sometimes cause bleeding at that site. [58] Implantation bleeding may be accompanied by symptoms such as cramping, nausea, breast tenderness, and headaches. [61]
If there is embryo transfer of more than 4 embryos, the risk has been quoted as 1 in 45. [10] In natural conceptions, the incidence of heterotopic pregnancy has been estimated to be 1 in 30,000 pregnancies. [10] However, due to the increasing use of assisted reproduction technology, the overall incidence is 1 in 3900 pregnancies. [11]
(day 20 of fertilization. [1]) Primitive heart tube is forming. Vasculature begins to develop in embryonic disc. (day 20 of fertilization. [1]) Embryo at 4 weeks after fertilization. [3] A 10mm embryo from an ectopic pregnancy, still in the oviduct. This embryo is about five weeks old (or from the seventh week of menstrual age).
Donor embryo transfer has given women a mechanism to become pregnant and give birth to a child that will contain their husband's genetic makeup. Although donor embryo transfer as practiced today has evolved from the original non-surgical method, it now accounts for approximately 5% of in vitro fertilization recorded births.
[11]: 165 This is a horseshoe-shaped area near to the head of the embryo. By day 19, following cell signalling, two strands begin to form as tubes in this region, as a lumen develops within them. These two endocardial tubes grow and by day 21 have migrated towards each other and fused to form a single primitive heart tube, the tubular heart.
Hospitalization under specialist care is indicated. There is no treatment for OHSS, supportive care until the symptoms naturally resolve is required. If an hCG trigger has been used with no embryo transfer, OHSS usually resolves in 7–10 days. If an embryo transfer has occurred and pregnancy results, the symptoms may persist for several weeks.