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Mount Pinatubo [4] is an active stratovolcano in the Zambales Mountains in Luzon in the Philippines. Located on the tripoint of Zambales , Tarlac and Pampanga provinces, [ 5 ] [ 6 ] most people were unaware of its eruptive history before the pre-eruption volcanic activity in early 1991.
The 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines' Luzon Volcanic Arc was the second-largest volcanic eruption of the 20th century, behind only the 1912 eruption of Novarupta in Alaska. Eruptive activity began on April 2 as a series of phreatic explosions from a fissure that opened on the north side of Mount Pinatubo.
A 7.8 M w earthquake strikes the island of Luzon, Philippines. The epicenter was near the town of Rizal, Nueva Ecija, roughly 60 kilometers (37 mi) from Mount Pinatubo. This earthquake caused a landslide, some local tremors, and a brief increase in steam emissions from a preexisting geothermal area at Mount Pinatubo. [2] March–June 1991
Mount Pinatubo is on the Central Luzon landmass between the South China Sea and the Philippine Sea. The 1991 eruption of Pinatubo was andesite and dacite in the pre-climactic phase but only dacite in the climactic phase. The climactic phase had a volume of 3.7–5.3 km 3. [9]
Lake Pinatubo (Filipino: Lawa ng Pinatubo) is the summit crater lake of Mount Pinatubo formed after its climactic eruption on June 15, 1991. The lake is located in the Zambales Mountains, in Botolan, Zambales, near the boundaries of Pampanga and Tarlac provinces in the Philippines. It is about 90 km (56 mi) northwest of the capital city of Manila.
Volcanoes in the country have erupted within the last 600 years, with accounts of these eruptions documented by humans; or have erupted within the last 10,000 years . There are 100 volcanoes in the Philippines listed by the Smithsonian Institution 's Global Volcanism Program (GVP) at present, [ 6 ] of which 20 are categorized as "historical ...
June 10 – About 15,000 Americans are evacuated from Clark Air Base as Pinatubo eruption begins. [4] [5] [6] [7]June 15 – Mount Pinatubo erupts, the peak of series of major explosions on June 12–16, in what will be the second largest terrestrial eruption of the 20th century; [4] [8] [9] volcano's alert level has been raised to the highest, June 9; Typhoon Yunya further worsens lahar flows ...
Mount Pinatubo: 6 Philippines: 1991 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo: 700 Hokkaido Komagatake: 5 Japan: 1640 [18] 600 Nevado del Ruiz: 4 Colombia: 1595 [17] 507 Tavurvur: 4 Papua New Guinea: 1937 [19] 500 Hibok-Hibok: 3 Philippines: 1951 [20] [21] 477 Mount Bandai: 4 Japan: 1888 1888 eruption of Mount Bandai: 426 Anak Krakatoa: 3 Indonesia: 2018 ...