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A plane joint (arthrodial joint, gliding joint, plane articulation) is a synovial joint which, under physiological conditions, allows only gliding movement. Plane joints permit sliding movements in the plane of articular surfaces. The opposed surfaces of the bones are flat or almost flat, with movement limited by their tight joint capsules.
A multiaxial joint, such as the hip joint, allows for three types of movement: anterior-posterior, medial-lateral, and rotational. A multiaxial joint (polyaxial joint or triaxial joint) is a synovial joint that allows for several directions of movement. [9] In the human body, the shoulder and hip joints are multiaxial joints. [10]
The movement of a body, or link, is studied using geometry so the link is considered to be rigid. [1] The connections between links are modeled as providing ideal movement, pure rotation or sliding for example, and are called joints. A linkage modeled as a network of rigid links and ideal joints is called a kinematic chain.
A prismatic joint is a one-degree-of-freedom kinematic pair [1] which constrains the motion of two bodies to sliding along a common axis, without rotation; for this reason it is often called a slider (as in the slider-crank linkage) or a sliding pair. They are often utilized in hydraulic and pneumatic cylinders. [2]
Joint From To Description Humeroulnar joint: trochlear notch of the ulna: trochlea of humerus: Is a simple hinge-joint, and allows of movements of flexion and extension only. Humeroradial joint: head of the radius: capitulum of the humerus: Is a ball-and-socket joint. Superior radioulnar joint: head of the radius: radial notch of the ulna
A slider-crank linkage is a four-bar linkage with three revolute joints and one prismatic, or sliding, joint. The rotation of the crank drives the linear movement the slider, or the expansion of gases against a sliding piston in a cylinder can drive the rotation of the crank. There are two types of slider-cranks: in-line and offset. In-line
Examples of a pivot joint include: Proximal radioulnar joint; Distal radioulnar joint; Median atlanto-axial joint; In contrast, spherical joints (or ball and socket joints) such as the hip joint permit rotation and all other directional movement, while pivot joints only permit rotation.
Consider a block which can slide or stick on a table (see figure 1a). The motion of the block is described by the equation of motion, whereas the friction force is unknown (see figure 1b). In order to obtain the friction force, a separate force law must be specified which links the friction force to the associated velocity of the block.
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