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  2. Four tones (Middle Chinese) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_tones_(Middle_Chinese)

    An old illustration of the four tone classes, in their traditional representation on a hand. In modern use, the diacritics all face the character, as in the table above. The four tones of Chinese poetry and dialectology (simplified Chinese: 四声; traditional Chinese: 四聲; pinyin: sìshēng) are four traditional tone classes [1] of Chinese ...

  3. Standard Chinese phonology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Chinese_phonology

    Yuen Ren Chao considered the changed tone 2 to be identical to tone 1, and Cao Wen treated it as tone 1 (before tones 1 or 4) or tone 4 (before tones 2 or 3). [ 21 ] [ 22 ] Both views are generalizations; the exact pitch contour of the changed tone 2 varies between mid-level ˧ in isolated words or at a slower speaking rate, and slightly ...

  4. Tone name - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tone_name

    In tonal languages, tone names are the names given to the tones these languages use. Pitch contours of the four Mandarin tones In contemporary standard Chinese (Mandarin), the tones are numbered from 1 to 4.

  5. Tone number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tone_number

    For example, Standard Chinese has four–five tones and the digits 1–5 or 0–4 are assigned to them; Cantonese has 6–9 tones, and the digits from 0 or 1 to 6 or 9 are assigned to them. In this case, Mandarin tone 4 has nothing to do with Cantonese tone 4, as can be seen by comparing the tone charts of Standard Chinese (Mandarin), Cantonese ...

  6. Chinese character sounds - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_character_sounds

    In modern Mandarin Chinese, all the words belong to the "shi" syllable, or 4 distinguishing syllables (shi1, shi2, shi3, shi4) which only differ in tones. The poem shows the popularity of homophones and the roles of tones in Chinese language.

  7. Middle Chinese - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Chinese

    The four tones of Middle Chinese were first listed by Shen Yue c. 500 AD. [67] The first three, the "even" or "level", "rising" and "departing" tones, occur in open syllables and syllables ending with nasal consonants .

  8. Tone pattern - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tone_pattern

    The four tones of Middle Chinese—level (平), rising (上), departing (去), and entering (入) tones—are categorized into level (平) tones and oblique (仄) tones. Tones that are not level are oblique. When tone patterns are used in poetry, the pattern in which level and oblique tones occur in one line is often the inverse of that of the ...

  9. Tone letter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tone_letter

    Besides phonemic tone systems, Chinese is commonly transcribed with four to eight historical tone categories. A mark is placed at a corner of a syllable for its category. yin or default tones: ꜀píng, ꜂shǎng, qù꜄, ruʔ꜆ yang tones: ꜁píng, ꜃shǎng, qù꜅, ruʔ꜇ When the yin–yang distinction is not needed, the yin tone marks ...