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Atomoxetine is approved for use in children, adolescents, and adults. [5] However, its efficacy has not been studied in children under six years old. [8] One of the primary differences with the standard stimulant treatments for ADHD is that it has little known abuse potential. [8]
Atomoxetine reaches C max 1 to 2 hours after administration. The bioavailability of atomoxetine after oral administration is 63-94%, it is dependent on individual differences in the first-pass metabolism. [18] Atomoxetine is widely distributed and is highly (98%) bound to plasma proteins, mainly albumin.
The article says that "Unlike stimulant medications, atomoxetine does not have abuse liability or the potential to cause withdrawal effects on abrupt discontinuation." Even though there are a number of anecdotes online about people experiencing withdrawal effects from tapering to a lower amount of atomoxetine (including but not limited to brain ...
The drug is also under investigation as an antidepressant and for the treatment of neuropathic pain. It is related in chemical structure to venlafaxine. Due to being an opioid, there is risk of abuse and addiction, but it does have less abuse potential, respiratory depression, and constipation compared to other opioids (hydrocodone, oxycodone ...
[14] [15] Accordingly, atomoxetine has been reported to attenuate the stimulant and rewarding effects of dextroamphetamine in humans. [ 16 ] [ 17 ] Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been reported to have no effect or to increase locomotor activity, at least under certain circumstances like novel environments.
The public health establishment, including the National Institute on Drug Abuse and the World Health Organization, has said that medications like buprenorphine (and methadone), when coupled with counseling, give people with opioid addiction the best odds for recovery. Buprenorphine is also more difficult to misuse than heroin.
The Troubled-Teen Industry Has Been A Disaster For Decades. It's Still Not Fixed.
The mechanisms of sympathomimetic drugs can be direct-acting (direct interaction between drug and receptor), such as α-adrenergic agonists, β-adrenergic agonists, and dopaminergic agonists; or indirect-acting (interaction not between drug and receptor), such as MAOIs, COMT inhibitors, release stimulants, and reuptake inhibitors that increase the levels of endogenous catecholamines.