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Furthermore, anti-histone antibodies can also be positive in drug-induced lupus. [citation needed] Anti-Histone antibodies are positive in up to 95% of patients with drug induced lupus. The most common medications associated with drug induced lupus are hydralazine, procainamide, isoniazid, methyldopa, chlorpromazine, quinidine, and minocycline. [9]
Patients with drug-induced lupus erythematosus typically have positive tests for anti-histone antibodies but do not have indications for anti-dsDNA antibodies. Patients with idiopathic systemic lupus erythematosus have both types of autoantibodies present in their blood. Thus, this test can be useful in distinguishing these two illnesses. [9]
DR4 is associated with extraarticular [2] rheumatoid arthritis, [3] hydralazine-induced female systemic lupus erythematosus, [4] pemphigoid gestationis, [5] pemphigus foliaceus, [6] obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, [7] IgA nephropathy, [8] 'shared syndrome'-systemic sclerosis/rheumatoid arthritis [9] and polymyalgia rheumatica. [10]
An example is hydralazine, a blood pressure-lowering drug that occasionally can produce drug-induced lupus erythematosus in certain individuals. This also appears to be the mechanism by which the anesthetic gas halothane can cause a life-threatening hepatitis , as well as the mechanism by which penicillin -class drugs cause autoimmune hemolytic ...
Subtypes of antinuclear antibodies include anti-Smith and anti-double stranded DNA antibodies (which are linked to SLE) and anti-histone antibodies (which are linked to drug-induced lupus). Anti-dsDNA antibodies are highly specific for SLE; they are present in 70% of cases, whereas they appear in only 0.5% of people without SLE. [13]
A unique, individual set of antibodies, called individual specific autoantibodies (ISA), is found in blood, serum, saliva, urine, semen, perspiration, tears, and body tissues, and the antibodies are not affected by illness, medication, or food/drug intake. An unskilled technician using inexpensive equipment can complete a test in a couple of hours.
While studies on microneedling for hair loss are promising, most use microneedling with minoxidil or finasteride, two hair loss treatments approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
Hydralazine is often used to treat hypertension in pregnancy, though, with either labetalol and/or methyldopa. [11] Hydralazine is commonly used in combination with isosorbide dinitrate for the treatment of congestive heart failure in black populations. This preparation, isosorbide dinitrate/hydralazine, was the first race-based prescription ...