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Containerization is a system of intermodal freight transport using intermodal containers (also called shipping containers, or ISO containers). [1] Containerization, also referred as container stuffing or container loading , is the process of unitization of cargoes in exports.
A shipping container is a container with strength suitable to withstand shipment, storage, and handling. Shipping containers range from large reusable steel boxes used for intermodal shipments to the ubiquitous corrugated boxes .
Invented in the early 20th century, 40-foot intermodal containers proliferated during the 1960s and 1970s under the containerization innovations of the American shipping company SeaLand. Like cardboard boxes and pallets , these containers are a means to bundle cargo and goods into larger, unitized loads that can be easily handled, moved, and ...
Containerization has increased the efficiency of moving traditional break-bulk cargoes significantly, reducing shipping time by 84% and costs by 35%. [6] In 2001, more than 90% of world trade in non-bulk goods was transported in ISO containers. [7]
Containerization led to a significant reduction in the cost of freight transportation by eliminating the need for repeated handling of individual pieces of cargo, and also improved reliability, reduced cargo theft, and cut inventory costs by shortening transit time. Containerization is a major driver of globalization.
In the United Kingdom the modernisation plan, and in turn the Beeching Report, strongly pushed containerization. British Railways launched the Freightliner service carrying 8-foot (2.4 m) high pre-ISO containers. The older wooden containers and the pre-ISO containers were rapidly replaced by 10-and-20-foot (3.0 and 6.1 m) ISO standard ...
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Containerization is a system of intermodal freight transport using intermodal containers (also called shipping containers and ISO containers). [2] The containers have standardized dimensions.
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