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Frontonasal dysplasia (FND) is a congenital malformation of the midface. [1] For the diagnosis of FND, a patient should present at least two of the following characteristics: hypertelorism (an increased distance between the eyes), a wide nasal root, vertical midline cleft of the nose and/or upper lip, cleft of the wings of the nose, malformed nasal tip, encephalocele (an opening of the skull ...
The lacrimal gland is a compound tubuloacinar gland, it is made up of many lobules separated by connective tissue, each lobule contains many acini.The acini composed of large serous cells which, produce a watery serous secretion, serous cells are filled with lightly stained secretory granules and surrounded by well-developed myoepithelial cells and a sparse, vascular stroma.
A chalazion (/ k ə ˈ l eɪ z i ə n /; plural chalazia or chalazions) or meibomian cyst [4] is not a cyst but a granuloma [5] in the eyelid that results from a blocked meibomian gland. [6] [7] It typically occurs in the middle of the eyelid, red, and not painful. [2] They tend to come on gradually over a few weeks. [2]
Excess tears flow through the nasolacrimal duct which drains into the inferior nasal meatus. This is the reason the nose starts to run when a person is crying or has watery eyes from an allergy, and why one can sometimes taste eye drops. This is for the same reason when applying some eye drops it is often advised to close the nasolacrimal duct ...
The lacrimal sac or lachrymal sac [1] is the upper dilated end of the nasolacrimal duct, [2] and is lodged in a deep groove formed by the lacrimal bone and frontal process of the maxilla. It connects the lacrimal canaliculi , which drain tears from the eye's surface, and the nasolacrimal duct , which conveys this fluid into the nasal cavity. [ 3 ]
Surgical excision of a sebaceous cyst is a simple procedure to completely remove the sac and its contents, [8] although it should be performed when inflammation is minimal. [9] A sebaceous cyst that has been surgically removed. Three general approaches are used - traditional wide excision, minimal excision, and punch biopsy excision. [10]
A deviated septum is an abnormal condition in which the top of the cartilaginous ridge leans to the left or the right, causing obstruction of the affected nasal passage. It is common for nasal septa to depart from the exact centerline; the septum is only considered deviated if the shift is substantial or causes problems. [ 3 ]
The lacrimal canaliculi (sg.: canaliculus) are the small channels in each eyelid that drain lacrimal fluid, from the lacrimal puncta to the lacrimal sac.This forms part of the lacrimal apparatus that drains lacrimal fluid from the surface of the eye to the nasal cavity.