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The Categories places every object of human apprehension under one of ten categories (known to medieval writers as the Latin term praedicamenta). Aristotle intended them to enumerate everything that can be expressed without composition or structure, thus anything that can be either the subject or the predicate of a proposition.
The Categoriae decem (Latin for "The Ten Categories"), also known as the Paraphrasis Themistiana ("Themistian Paraphrase"), is a Latin summary of Aristotle's Categories thought to date to the 4th century AD. Traditionally credited to St Augustine, it is now variously attributed to Themistius or Pseudo-Augustinus.
Chapter 1.Aristotle defines words as symbols of 'affections of the soul' or mental experiences. Spoken and written symbols differ between languages, but the mental experiences are the same for all (so that the English word 'cat' and the French word 'chat' are different symbols, but the mental experience they stand for—the concept of a cat—is the same for English speakers and French speakers).
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The Isagoge (Greek: Εἰσαγωγή, Eisagōgḗ; / ˈ aɪ s ə ɡ oʊ dʒ iː /) or "Introduction" to Aristotle's "Categories", written by Porphyry in Greek and translated into Latin by Boethius, was the standard textbook on logic for at least a millennium after his death.
According to Aristotle, a seed has the eventual adult plant as its end (i.e., as its telos) if and only if the seed would become the adult plant under normal circumstances. [25] In Physics II.9, Aristotle hazards a few arguments that a determination of the end (i.e., final cause) of a phenomenon is more important than the others. He argues that ...
An equivocation is a variation in meaning—a manifold of sign senses—such that, as Aristotle put it about names in the opening of Categories (1.1 a 1–12), "Things are said to be named 'equivocally' when, though they have a common name, the definition corresponding with the name differs for each." So Peirce's claim that three categories are ...
Aristotle described four types of qualitative opposites: correlatives, contraries, privatives and positives. [4] John Locke presented a distinction between primary and secondary qualities in An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. For Locke, a quality is an idea of a sensation or a perception. Locke further asserts that qualities can be ...